fix: place cache point on last user message instead of assistant

src/strands/models/bedrock.py

@@ -339,15 +339,15 @@ def _get_additional_request_fields(self, tool_choice: ToolChoice | None) -> dict
         return {"additionalModelRequestFields": additional_fields}
 
     def _inject_cache_point(self, messages: list[dict[str, Any]]) -> None:
-        """Inject a cache point at the end of the last assistant message.
+        """Inject a cache point at the end of the last user message.
 
         Args:
             messages: List of messages to inject cache point into (modified in place).
         """
         if not messages:
             return
 
-        last_assistant_idx: int | None = None
+        last_user_idx: int | None = None
         for msg_idx, msg in enumerate(messages):
             content = msg.get("content", [])
             for block_idx, block in reversed(list(enumerate(content))):
@@ -358,12 +358,12 @@ def _inject_cache_point(self, messages: list[dict[str, Any]]) -> None:
                         msg_idx,
                         block_idx,
                     )
-            if msg.get("role") == "assistant":
-                last_assistant_idx = msg_idx
+            if msg.get("role") == "user":
+                last_user_idx = msg_idx
 
-        if last_assistant_idx is not None and messages[last_assistant_idx].get("content"):
-            messages[last_assistant_idx]["content"].append({"cachePoint": {"type": "default"}})
-            logger.debug("msg_idx=<%s> | added cache point to last assistant message", last_assistant_idx)
+        if last_user_idx is not None and messages[last_user_idx].get("content"):
+            messages[last_user_idx]["content"].append({"cachePoint": {"type": "default"}})
+            logger.debug("msg_idx=<%s> | added cache point to last user message", last_user_idx)
 
     def _find_last_user_text_message_index(self, messages: Messages) -> int | None:
         """Find the index of the last user message containing text or image content.

tests/strands/models/test_bedrock.py

@@ -2597,8 +2597,8 @@ def test_cache_strategy_none_for_non_claude(bedrock_client):
     assert model._cache_strategy is None
 
 
-def test_inject_cache_point_adds_to_last_assistant(bedrock_client):
-    """Test that _inject_cache_point adds cache point to last assistant message."""
+def test_inject_cache_point_adds_to_last_user(bedrock_client):
+    """Test that _inject_cache_point adds cache point to last user message."""
     model = BedrockModel(
         model_id="us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-20250514-v1:0", cache_config=CacheConfig(strategy="auto")
     )
@@ -2611,13 +2611,14 @@ def test_inject_cache_point_adds_to_last_assistant(bedrock_client):
 
     model._inject_cache_point(cleaned_messages)
 
-    assert len(cleaned_messages[1]["content"]) == 2
-    assert "cachePoint" in cleaned_messages[1]["content"][-1]
-    assert cleaned_messages[1]["content"][-1]["cachePoint"]["type"] == "default"
+    assert len(cleaned_messages[2]["content"]) == 2
+    assert "cachePoint" in cleaned_messages[2]["content"][-1]
+    assert cleaned_messages[2]["content"][-1]["cachePoint"]["type"] == "default"
+    assert len(cleaned_messages[1]["content"]) == 1
 
 
-def test_inject_cache_point_no_assistant_message(bedrock_client):
-    """Test that _inject_cache_point does nothing when no assistant message exists."""
+def test_inject_cache_point_single_user_message(bedrock_client):
+    """Test that _inject_cache_point adds cache point to single user message."""
     model = BedrockModel(
         model_id="us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-20250514-v1:0", cache_config=CacheConfig(strategy="auto")
     )
@@ -2629,6 +2630,39 @@ def test_inject_cache_point_no_assistant_message(bedrock_client):
     model._inject_cache_point(cleaned_messages)
 
     assert len(cleaned_messages) == 1
+    assert len(cleaned_messages[0]["content"]) == 2
+    assert "cachePoint" in cleaned_messages[0]["content"][-1]
+
+
+def test_inject_cache_point_empty_messages(bedrock_client):
+    """Test that _inject_cache_point handles empty messages list."""
+    model = BedrockModel(
+        model_id="us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-20250514-v1:0", cache_config=CacheConfig(strategy="auto")
+    )
+
+    cleaned_messages = []
+    model._inject_cache_point(cleaned_messages)
+
+    assert cleaned_messages == []
+
+
+def test_inject_cache_point_with_tool_result_last_user(bedrock_client):
+    """Test that cache point is added to last user message even when it contains toolResult."""
+    model = BedrockModel(
+        model_id="us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-20250514-v1:0", cache_config=CacheConfig(strategy="auto")
+    )
+
+    cleaned_messages = [
+        {"role": "user", "content": [{"text": "Use the tool"}]},
+        {"role": "assistant", "content": [{"toolUse": {"toolUseId": "t1", "name": "test_tool", "input": {}}}]},
+        {"role": "user", "content": [{"toolResult": {"toolUseId": "t1", "content": [{"text": "Result"}]}}]},
+    ]
+
+    model._inject_cache_point(cleaned_messages)
+
+    assert len(cleaned_messages[2]["content"]) == 2
+    assert "cachePoint" in cleaned_messages[2]["content"][-1]
+    assert cleaned_messages[2]["content"][-1]["cachePoint"]["type"] == "default"
     assert len(cleaned_messages[0]["content"]) == 1
 
 
@@ -2643,6 +2677,8 @@ def test_inject_cache_point_skipped_for_non_claude(bedrock_client):
 
     formatted = model._format_bedrock_messages(messages)
 
+    assert len(formatted[0]["content"]) == 1
+    assert "cachePoint" not in formatted[0]["content"][0]
     assert len(formatted[1]["content"]) == 1
     assert "cachePoint" not in formatted[1]["content"][0]
 
@@ -2664,8 +2700,8 @@ def test_format_bedrock_messages_does_not_mutate_original(bedrock_client):
     formatted = model._format_bedrock_messages(original_messages)
 
     assert original_messages == messages_before
-    assert "cachePoint" not in original_messages[1]["content"][-1]
-    assert "cachePoint" in formatted[1]["content"][-1]
+    assert "cachePoint" not in original_messages[2]["content"][-1]
+    assert "cachePoint" in formatted[2]["content"][-1]
 
 
 def test_inject_cache_point_strips_existing_cache_points(bedrock_client):
@@ -2685,12 +2721,13 @@ def test_inject_cache_point_strips_existing_cache_points(bedrock_client):
     model._inject_cache_point(cleaned_messages)
 
     # All old cache points should be stripped
-    assert len(cleaned_messages[0]["content"]) == 1  # user: only text
+    assert len(cleaned_messages[0]["content"]) == 1  # first user: only text
     assert len(cleaned_messages[1]["content"]) == 1  # first assistant: only text
+    assert len(cleaned_messages[3]["content"]) == 1  # last assistant: only text
 
-    # New cache point should be at end of last assistant message
-    assert len(cleaned_messages[3]["content"]) == 2
-    assert "cachePoint" in cleaned_messages[3]["content"][-1]
+    # New cache point should be at end of last user message
+    assert len(cleaned_messages[2]["content"]) == 2
+    assert "cachePoint" in cleaned_messages[2]["content"][-1]
 
 
 def test_inject_cache_point_anthropic_strategy_skips_model_check(bedrock_client):
@@ -2707,9 +2744,10 @@ def test_inject_cache_point_anthropic_strategy_skips_model_check(bedrock_client)
 
     formatted = model._format_bedrock_messages(messages)
 
-    assert len(formatted[1]["content"]) == 2
-    assert "cachePoint" in formatted[1]["content"][-1]
-    assert formatted[1]["content"][-1]["cachePoint"]["type"] == "default"
+    assert len(formatted[0]["content"]) == 2
+    assert "cachePoint" in formatted[0]["content"][-1]
+    assert formatted[0]["content"][-1]["cachePoint"]["type"] == "default"
+    assert len(formatted[1]["content"]) == 1
 
 
 def test_inject_cache_point_auto_strategy_resolves_to_anthropic_for_claude(bedrock_client):
@@ -2725,8 +2763,9 @@ def test_inject_cache_point_auto_strategy_resolves_to_anthropic_for_claude(bedro
 
     formatted = model._format_bedrock_messages(messages)
 
-    assert len(formatted[1]["content"]) == 2
-    assert "cachePoint" in formatted[1]["content"][-1]
+    assert len(formatted[0]["content"]) == 2
+    assert "cachePoint" in formatted[0]["content"][-1]
+    assert len(formatted[1]["content"]) == 1
 
 
 def test_find_last_user_text_message_index_no_user_messages(bedrock_client):