diff --git a/01_Variables_and_Data_Types/01_basic_variables.py b/01_Variables_and_Data_Types/01_basic_variables.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a67d83d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/01_Variables_and_Data_Types/01_basic_variables.py
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+"""
+Basic Variables in Python
+==========================
+This program demonstrates how to create and use variables in Python.
+Variables are containers for storing data values.
+"""
+
+# Creating variables with different data types
+name = "Alice"              # String variable
+age = 20                    # Integer variable
+height = 5.6               # Float variable
+is_student = True          # Boolean variable
+
+# Printing variables
+print("=== Student Information ===")
+print("Name:", name)
+print("Age:", age)
+print("Height:", height, "feet")
+print("Is Student:", is_student)
+
+# You can change variable values
+print("\n=== After one year ===")
+age = age + 1              # Increasing age by 1
+print("Age:", age)
+
+# Multiple variables in one line
+x, y, z = 10, 20, 30
+print("\n=== Multiple Variables ===")
+print("x =", x)
+print("y =", y)
+print("z =", z)
+
+# Same value to multiple variables
+a = b = c = 100
+print("\n=== Same Value to Multiple Variables ===")
+print("a =", a)
+print("b =", b)
+print("c =", c)
+
+# Variable naming rules demonstration
+student_name = "Bob"       # Good: descriptive and uses snake_case
+_private_var = 42          # Good: starts with underscore (convention for private)
+# 2nd_student = "Charlie"  # Bad: cannot start with number (commented out)
+
+print("\n=== Variable Naming ===")
+print("Student Name:", student_name)
+print("Private Variable:", _private_var)
diff --git a/01_Variables_and_Data_Types/02_numbers.py b/01_Variables_and_Data_Types/02_numbers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4201d4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/01_Variables_and_Data_Types/02_numbers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+"""
+Working with Numbers in Python
+===============================
+This program demonstrates integer and float operations.
+"""
+
+# Integer examples
+num1 = 10
+num2 = 3
+
+print("=== Integer Operations ===")
+print("Number 1:", num1)
+print("Number 2:", num2)
+print("Addition:", num1 + num2)
+print("Subtraction:", num1 - num2)
+print("Multiplication:", num1 * num2)
+print("Division:", num1 / num2)           # Returns float
+print("Floor Division:", num1 // num2)    # Returns integer (rounds down)
+print("Modulus (Remainder):", num1 % num2)
+print("Power:", num1 ** num2)             # 10 to the power of 3
+
+# Float examples
+price1 = 19.99
+price2 = 5.50
+
+print("\n=== Float Operations ===")
+print("Price 1: $", price1)
+print("Price 2: $", price2)
+print("Total Price: $", price1 + price2)
+print("Average Price: $", (price1 + price2) / 2)
+
+# Mixed operations (int and float)
+quantity = 5                    # Integer
+price_per_item = 12.50         # Float
+total = quantity * price_per_item
+
+print("\n=== Shopping Bill ===")
+print("Quantity:", quantity)
+print("Price per item: $", price_per_item)
+print("Total amount: $", total)
+
+# Useful number functions
+number = -42.7
+
+print("\n=== Number Functions ===")
+print("Original number:", number)
+print("Absolute value:", abs(number))      # Removes negative sign
+print("Rounded value:", round(number))     # Rounds to nearest integer
+print("Rounded to 1 decimal:", round(number, 1))
+
+# Finding max and min
+a, b, c = 15, 28, 9
+print("\n=== Max and Min ===")
+print("Numbers:", a, b, c)
+print("Maximum:", max(a, b, c))
+print("Minimum:", min(a, b, c))
diff --git a/01_Variables_and_Data_Types/03_strings.py b/01_Variables_and_Data_Types/03_strings.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..147350c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/01_Variables_and_Data_Types/03_strings.py
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+"""
+Working with Strings in Python
+===============================
+This program demonstrates string operations and methods.
+"""
+
+# Creating strings
+name = "Alice"
+message = 'Hello World'
+multiline = """This is a
+multi-line
+string"""
+
+print("=== Basic Strings ===")
+print("Name:", name)
+print("Message:", message)
+print("Multiline String:")
+print(multiline)
+
+# String concatenation (joining)
+first_name = "John"
+last_name = "Doe"
+full_name = first_name + " " + last_name
+
+print("\n=== String Concatenation ===")
+print("First Name:", first_name)
+print("Last Name:", last_name)
+print("Full Name:", full_name)
+
+# String repetition
+laugh = "ha"
+print("\n=== String Repetition ===")
+print("Laugh:", laugh * 5)  # Prints "hahahahaha"
+
+# String length
+sentence = "Python is fun"
+print("\n=== String Length ===")
+print("Sentence:", sentence)
+print("Length:", len(sentence))
+
+# Accessing characters (indexing)
+word = "Python"
+print("\n=== String Indexing ===")
+print("Word:", word)
+print("First character:", word[0])    # P
+print("Second character:", word[1])   # y
+print("Last character:", word[-1])    # n
+print("Second last:", word[-2])       # o
+
+# String slicing
+text = "Hello World"
+print("\n=== String Slicing ===")
+print("Original text:", text)
+print("First 5 characters:", text[0:5])    # Hello
+print("From index 6 to end:", text[6:])    # World
+print("Last 5 characters:", text[-5:])     # World
+
+# Useful string methods
+sample = "  python programming  "
+print("\n=== String Methods ===")
+print("Original:", "[" + sample + "]")
+print("Uppercase:", sample.upper())
+print("Lowercase:", sample.lower())
+print("Capitalized:", sample.capitalize())
+print("Stripped (remove spaces):", "[" + sample.strip() + "]")
+print("Replace:", sample.replace("python", "Python"))
+
+# Checking string content
+email = "student@example.com"
+print("\n=== String Checks ===")
+print("Email:", email)
+print("Contains '@':", "@" in email)
+print("Starts with 'student':", email.startswith("student"))
+print("Ends with '.com':", email.endswith(".com"))
+
+# String formatting
+name = "Alice"
+age = 20
+print("\n=== String Formatting ===")
+# Method 1: f-strings (recommended)
+print(f"My name is {name} and I am {age} years old.")
+# Method 2: format() method
+print("My name is {} and I am {} years old.".format(name, age))
+# Method 3: % operator (old style)
+print("My name is %s and I am %d years old." % (name, age))
diff --git a/01_Variables_and_Data_Types/04_lists.py b/01_Variables_and_Data_Types/04_lists.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87bd414
--- /dev/null
+++ b/01_Variables_and_Data_Types/04_lists.py
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+"""
+Working with Lists in Python
+=============================
+This program demonstrates list operations and methods.
+Lists are ordered, mutable collections that can contain different data types.
+"""
+
+# Creating lists
+fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]
+numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+mixed = [1, "hello", 3.14, True]
+empty_list = []
+
+print("=== Creating Lists ===")
+print("Fruits:", fruits)
+print("Numbers:", numbers)
+print("Mixed types:", mixed)
+print("Empty list:", empty_list)
+
+# Accessing list elements
+print("\n=== Accessing Elements ===")
+print("First fruit:", fruits[0])
+print("Second fruit:", fruits[1])
+print("Last fruit:", fruits[-1])
+
+# List length
+print("\n=== List Length ===")
+print("Number of fruits:", len(fruits))
+
+# Adding elements to list
+fruits.append("grape")              # Add at the end
+print("\n=== Adding Elements ===")
+print("After append:", fruits)
+
+fruits.insert(1, "mango")           # Insert at specific position
+print("After insert at position 1:", fruits)
+
+# Removing elements from list
+fruits.remove("banana")             # Remove specific item
+print("\n=== Removing Elements ===")
+print("After removing banana:", fruits)
+
+last_fruit = fruits.pop()           # Remove and return last item
+print("Popped item:", last_fruit)
+print("After pop:", fruits)
+
+# List slicing
+numbers = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
+print("\n=== List Slicing ===")
+print("Original list:", numbers)
+print("First 5 elements:", numbers[0:5])
+print("Elements from index 5:", numbers[5:])
+print("Last 3 elements:", numbers[-3:])
+print("Every second element:", numbers[::2])
+
+# List operations
+list1 = [1, 2, 3]
+list2 = [4, 5, 6]
+print("\n=== List Operations ===")
+print("List 1:", list1)
+print("List 2:", list2)
+print("Concatenation:", list1 + list2)
+print("Repetition:", list1 * 3)
+
+# Useful list methods
+numbers = [3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6]
+print("\n=== List Methods ===")
+print("Original list:", numbers)
+print("Count of 1:", numbers.count(1))
+print("Index of 4:", numbers.index(4))
+
+numbers.sort()                      # Sort in ascending order
+print("Sorted list:", numbers)
+
+numbers.reverse()                   # Reverse the list
+print("Reversed list:", numbers)
+
+# Checking if item exists in list
+shopping_list = ["milk", "bread", "eggs", "butter"]
+print("\n=== Checking Items ===")
+print("Shopping list:", shopping_list)
+print("Is 'milk' in list?", "milk" in shopping_list)
+print("Is 'cheese' in list?", "cheese" in shopping_list)
+
+# List comprehension (advanced but useful)
+squares = [x**2 for x in range(1, 6)]
+print("\n=== List Comprehension ===")
+print("Squares of 1-5:", squares)
diff --git a/01_Variables_and_Data_Types/05_tuples.py b/01_Variables_and_Data_Types/05_tuples.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4029ab0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/01_Variables_and_Data_Types/05_tuples.py
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+"""
+Working with Tuples in Python
+==============================
+This program demonstrates tuple operations.
+Tuples are ordered, immutable collections (cannot be changed after creation).
+"""
+
+# Creating tuples
+coordinates = (10, 20)
+rgb_color = (255, 0, 0)
+mixed_tuple = (1, "hello", 3.14, True)
+single_item = (42,)                 # Note: comma is required for single item
+empty_tuple = ()
+
+print("=== Creating Tuples ===")
+print("Coordinates:", coordinates)
+print("RGB Color:", rgb_color)
+print("Mixed tuple:", mixed_tuple)
+print("Single item tuple:", single_item)
+print("Empty tuple:", empty_tuple)
+
+# Accessing tuple elements
+point = (100, 200, 300)
+print("\n=== Accessing Elements ===")
+print("Point:", point)
+print("X coordinate:", point[0])
+print("Y coordinate:", point[1])
+print("Z coordinate:", point[2])
+print("Last element:", point[-1])
+
+# Tuple length
+print("\n=== Tuple Length ===")
+print("Length of point:", len(point))
+
+# Tuple unpacking
+x, y, z = point
+print("\n=== Tuple Unpacking ===")
+print("x =", x)
+print("y =", y)
+print("z =", z)
+
+# Why use tuples? They are immutable
+print("\n=== Immutability Demo ===")
+print("Original coordinates:", coordinates)
+# coordinates[0] = 30  # This would cause an error!
+print("Tuples cannot be changed after creation")
+
+# Tuple methods (only 2 methods since tuples are immutable)
+numbers = (1, 2, 3, 2, 4, 2, 5)
+print("\n=== Tuple Methods ===")
+print("Numbers:", numbers)
+print("Count of 2:", numbers.count(2))
+print("Index of 4:", numbers.index(4))
+
+# Tuple operations
+tuple1 = (1, 2, 3)
+tuple2 = (4, 5, 6)
+print("\n=== Tuple Operations ===")
+print("Tuple 1:", tuple1)
+print("Tuple 2:", tuple2)
+print("Concatenation:", tuple1 + tuple2)
+print("Repetition:", tuple1 * 3)
+
+# Converting between lists and tuples
+my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+my_tuple = tuple(my_list)
+back_to_list = list(my_tuple)
+
+print("\n=== List and Tuple Conversion ===")
+print("Original list:", my_list)
+print("Converted to tuple:", my_tuple)
+print("Back to list:", back_to_list)
+
+# Practical use case: returning multiple values from a function
+def get_student_info():
+    """Returns student information as a tuple"""
+    name = "Alice"
+    age = 20
+    grade = "A"
+    return (name, age, grade)  # Or just: return name, age, grade
+
+print("\n=== Practical Use Case ===")
+student_data = get_student_info()
+print("Student data (tuple):", student_data)
+
+# Unpacking the returned tuple
+student_name, student_age, student_grade = get_student_info()
+print(f"Name: {student_name}, Age: {student_age}, Grade: {student_grade}")
+
+# When to use tuples vs lists?
+print("\n=== When to Use Tuples ===")
+print("Use tuples when:")
+print("  1. Data should not change (coordinates, RGB values)")
+print("  2. Returning multiple values from a function")
+print("  3. Using as dictionary keys (lists can't be keys)")
+print("  4. Slightly faster than lists")
diff --git a/01_Variables_and_Data_Types/06_dictionaries.py b/01_Variables_and_Data_Types/06_dictionaries.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2026a3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/01_Variables_and_Data_Types/06_dictionaries.py
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+"""
+Working with Dictionaries in Python
+====================================
+This program demonstrates dictionary operations.
+Dictionaries store data in key-value pairs.
+"""
+
+# Creating dictionaries
+student = {
+    "name": "Alice",
+    "age": 20,
+    "grade": "A",
+    "subjects": ["Math", "Science", "English"]
+}
+
+empty_dict = {}
+
+print("=== Creating Dictionaries ===")
+print("Student:", student)
+print("Empty dictionary:", empty_dict)
+
+# Accessing values
+print("\n=== Accessing Values ===")
+print("Student name:", student["name"])
+print("Student age:", student["age"])
+print("Student subjects:", student["subjects"])
+
+# Using get() method (safer - doesn't error if key doesn't exist)
+print("\n=== Using get() Method ===")
+print("Grade:", student.get("grade"))
+print("City:", student.get("city", "Not specified"))  # Default value
+
+# Adding and modifying entries
+student["city"] = "New York"        # Add new key-value pair
+student["age"] = 21                 # Modify existing value
+
+print("\n=== After Adding/Modifying ===")
+print("Student:", student)
+
+# Removing entries
+del student["city"]                 # Remove specific key
+print("\n=== After Deleting City ===")
+print("Student:", student)
+
+removed_grade = student.pop("grade")  # Remove and return value
+print("\n=== After Popping Grade ===")
+print("Removed grade:", removed_grade)
+print("Student:", student)
+
+# Dictionary methods
+person = {
+    "name": "Bob",
+    "age": 25,
+    "job": "Engineer"
+}
+
+print("\n=== Dictionary Methods ===")
+print("All keys:", person.keys())
+print("All values:", person.values())
+print("All items:", person.items())
+
+# Looping through dictionary
+print("\n=== Looping Through Dictionary ===")
+for key in person:
+    print(f"{key}: {person[key]}")
+
+print("\nUsing items():")
+for key, value in person.items():
+    print(f"{key}: {value}")
+
+# Checking if key exists
+print("\n=== Checking Keys ===")
+print("Is 'name' in dictionary?", "name" in person)
+print("Is 'salary' in dictionary?", "salary" in person)
+
+# Nested dictionaries (dictionary inside dictionary)
+classroom = {
+    "student1": {"name": "Alice", "grade": "A"},
+    "student2": {"name": "Bob", "grade": "B"},
+    "student3": {"name": "Charlie", "grade": "A"}
+}
+
+print("\n=== Nested Dictionary ===")
+print("Classroom:", classroom)
+print("Student1 name:", classroom["student1"]["name"])
+print("Student2 grade:", classroom["student2"]["grade"])
+
+# Dictionary comprehension
+squares_dict = {x: x**2 for x in range(1, 6)}
+print("\n=== Dictionary Comprehension ===")
+print("Squares dictionary:", squares_dict)
+
+# Copying dictionaries
+original = {"a": 1, "b": 2}
+copied = original.copy()
+
+print("\n=== Copying Dictionary ===")
+print("Original:", original)
+print("Copied:", copied)
+
+# Merging dictionaries
+dict1 = {"a": 1, "b": 2}
+dict2 = {"c": 3, "d": 4}
+merged = {**dict1, **dict2}  # Python 3.5+
+
+print("\n=== Merging Dictionaries ===")
+print("Dictionary 1:", dict1)
+print("Dictionary 2:", dict2)
+print("Merged:", merged)
+
+# Practical example: Phone book
+phone_book = {
+    "Alice": "555-1234",
+    "Bob": "555-5678",
+    "Charlie": "555-9012"
+}
+
+print("\n=== Phone Book Example ===")
+print("Alice's number:", phone_book["Alice"])
+print("All contacts:", phone_book)
+
+# Adding a new contact
+phone_book["Diana"] = "555-3456"
+print("After adding Diana:", phone_book)
diff --git a/01_Variables_and_Data_Types/07_type_conversion.py b/01_Variables_and_Data_Types/07_type_conversion.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3105e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/01_Variables_and_Data_Types/07_type_conversion.py
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+"""
+Type Conversion in Python
+==========================
+This program demonstrates how to convert between different data types.
+"""
+
+# Checking data types
+name = "Alice"
+age = 20
+height = 5.6
+is_student = True
+
+print("=== Checking Data Types ===")
+print(f"name = {name}, type = {type(name)}")
+print(f"age = {age}, type = {type(age)}")
+print(f"height = {height}, type = {type(height)}")
+print(f"is_student = {is_student}, type = {type(is_student)}")
+
+# Converting to integer
+float_number = 3.14
+string_number = "42"
+
+print("\n=== Converting to Integer ===")
+print(f"int(3.14) = {int(float_number)}")           # Removes decimal part
+print(f"int('42') = {int(string_number)}")          # String to integer
+print(f"int(True) = {int(True)}")                   # Boolean to integer
+print(f"int(False) = {int(False)}")
+
+# Converting to float
+integer_number = 10
+string_float = "3.14"
+
+print("\n=== Converting to Float ===")
+print(f"float(10) = {float(integer_number)}")
+print(f"float('3.14') = {float(string_float)}")
+print(f"float(True) = {float(True)}")
+
+# Converting to string
+number = 42
+pi = 3.14159
+flag = True
+
+print("\n=== Converting to String ===")
+print(f"str(42) = '{str(number)}'")
+print(f"str(3.14159) = '{str(pi)}'")
+print(f"str(True) = '{str(flag)}'")
+
+# Converting to boolean
+print("\n=== Converting to Boolean ===")
+print(f"bool(1) = {bool(1)}")           # Non-zero numbers are True
+print(f"bool(0) = {bool(0)}")           # Zero is False
+print(f"bool('hello') = {bool('hello')}")  # Non-empty strings are True
+print(f"bool('') = {bool('')}")            # Empty string is False
+print(f"bool([1,2,3]) = {bool([1,2,3])}")  # Non-empty list is True
+print(f"bool([]) = {bool([])}")            # Empty list is False
+
+# Converting between list, tuple, and set
+my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+my_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+my_set = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
+
+print("\n=== Converting Collections ===")
+print("Original list:", my_list)
+print("List to tuple:", tuple(my_list))
+print("List to set:", set(my_list))
+
+print("\nOriginal tuple:", my_tuple)
+print("Tuple to list:", list(my_tuple))
+print("Tuple to set:", set(my_tuple))
+
+# Practical example: User input (always comes as string)
+print("\n=== Practical Example: User Input ===")
+print("User input always comes as a string!")
+print("If you need a number, you must convert it.")
+
+# Example (without actual input for demo)
+user_input_demo = "25"  # Simulating input()
+print(f"Input: '{user_input_demo}' (type: {type(user_input_demo)})")
+age = int(user_input_demo)
+print(f"Converted: {age} (type: {type(age)})")
+
+# Common mistakes and how to avoid them
+print("\n=== Common Type Conversion Mistakes ===")
+
+# Mistake 1: Trying to convert invalid strings
+try:
+    result = int("hello")
+except ValueError as e:
+    print(f"Error: Can't convert 'hello' to int - {e}")
+
+# Mistake 2: Not considering decimal points
+try:
+    result = int("3.14")
+except ValueError as e:
+    print(f"Error: Can't convert '3.14' directly to int - {e}")
+    print("Solution: Convert to float first, then to int")
+    result = int(float("3.14"))
+    print(f"int(float('3.14')) = {result}")
+
+# Safe conversion with error handling
+def safe_int_conversion(value):
+    """Safely convert a value to integer"""
+    try:
+        return int(value)
+    except ValueError:
+        print(f"Cannot convert '{value}' to integer!")
+        return None
+
+print("\n=== Safe Conversion Examples ===")
+print(f"safe_int_conversion('42') = {safe_int_conversion('42')}")
+print(f"safe_int_conversion('hello') = {safe_int_conversion('hello')}")
+
+# ASCII conversions
+print("\n=== ASCII Conversions ===")
+print(f"ord('A') = {ord('A')}")  # Character to ASCII code
+print(f"chr(65) = '{chr(65)}'")  # ASCII code to character
diff --git a/01_Variables_and_Data_Types/README.md b/01_Variables_and_Data_Types/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c195852
--- /dev/null
+++ b/01_Variables_and_Data_Types/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# Variables and Data Types 📦
+
+## What are Variables?
+
+Variables are like containers that store data. Think of them as labeled boxes where you can keep different types of information.
+
+## Basic Data Types in Python
+
+### 1. **Integers (int)**
+Whole numbers without decimal points
+```python
+age = 25
+year = 2024
+```
+
+### 2. **Float**
+Numbers with decimal points
+```python
+price = 19.99
+temperature = 36.5
+```
+
+### 3. **String (str)**
+Text data enclosed in quotes
+```python
+name = "Alice"
+message = 'Hello World'
+```
+
+### 4. **Boolean (bool)**
+True or False values
+```python
+is_student = True
+has_passed = False
+```
+
+### 5. **List**
+Ordered collection of items (mutable)
+```python
+fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]
+numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+```
+
+### 6. **Tuple**
+Ordered collection of items (immutable)
+```python
+coordinates = (10, 20)
+rgb_color = (255, 0, 0)
+```
+
+### 7. **Dictionary**
+Key-value pairs
+```python
+student = {"name": "John", "age": 20, "grade": "A"}
+```
+
+## Examples in This Folder
+
+1. **01_basic_variables.py** - Introduction to variables
+2. **02_numbers.py** - Working with integers and floats
+3. **03_strings.py** - String operations and methods
+4. **04_lists.py** - Creating and manipulating lists
+5. **05_tuples.py** - Understanding tuples
+6. **06_dictionaries.py** - Working with dictionaries
+7. **07_type_conversion.py** - Converting between data types
+
+## Tips for Beginners
+
+- Variable names should be descriptive (e.g., `student_name` instead of `x`)
+- Use lowercase with underscores for variable names (snake_case)
+- Variables cannot start with numbers
+- Python is case-sensitive (`Name` and `name` are different)
+
+## Practice
+
+Try running each example file and modify the values to see different results!
diff --git a/02_Input_Output/01_basic_input_output.py b/02_Input_Output/01_basic_input_output.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f01516d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/02_Input_Output/01_basic_input_output.py
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+"""
+Basic Input and Output in Python
+=================================
+This program demonstrates how to take input from users and display output.
+"""
+
+# Simple output using print()
+print("=== Basic Output ===")
+print("Hello, World!")
+print("Welcome to Python programming!")
+
+# Print multiple items
+print("\n=== Multiple Items in Print ===")
+print("My name is", "Alice", "and I am", 20, "years old")
+
+# Print with different separators
+print("\n=== Custom Separator ===")
+print("apple", "banana", "orange", sep=" | ")
+print("2024", "01", "15", sep="-")
+
+# Print without newline (using end parameter)
+print("\n=== Custom End Character ===")
+print("Loading", end="...")
+print("Done!")
+
+# Taking simple input
+print("\n=== Taking User Input ===")
+name = input("What is your name? ")
+print("Hello,", name, "! Nice to meet you!")
+
+# Input comes as string by default
+print("\n=== Input Type ===")
+user_input = input("Enter something: ")
+print("You entered:", user_input)
+print("Type of input:", type(user_input))
+
+# Creating interactive programs
+print("\n=== Interactive Greeting Program ===")
+user_name = input("Enter your name: ")
+age = input("Enter your age: ")
+city = input("Enter your city: ")
+
+print("\n--- Your Information ---")
+print("Name:", user_name)
+print("Age:", age)
+print("City:", city)
+
+# Using input in strings
+print("\n=== Using Input in Sentences ===")
+favorite_color = input("What is your favorite color? ")
+print("Wow!", favorite_color, "is a beautiful color!")
+
+# Multiple print statements vs single print
+print("\n=== Different Print Styles ===")
+# Style 1: Multiple prints
+print("First line")
+print("Second line")
+print("Third line")
+
+# Style 2: Single print with \n (newline character)
+print("\nFirst line\nSecond line\nThird line")
+
+# Printing special characters
+print("\n=== Special Characters ===")
+print("This is a tab:\tSee the space?")
+print("This is a quote: \"Hello\"")
+print("This is a backslash: \\")
+print("This prints on\ntwo lines")
diff --git a/02_Input_Output/02_formatted_output.py b/02_Input_Output/02_formatted_output.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74e7313
--- /dev/null
+++ b/02_Input_Output/02_formatted_output.py
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+"""
+Formatted Output in Python
+===========================
+This program demonstrates different ways to format output for better presentation.
+"""
+
+# Basic string formatting
+name = "Alice"
+age = 20
+grade = 85.5
+
+print("=== Old Style Formatting (%) ===")
+print("Name: %s, Age: %d, Grade: %.2f" % (name, age, grade))
+
+print("\n=== Format Method ===")
+print("Name: {}, Age: {}, Grade: {}".format(name, age, grade))
+print("Name: {0}, Age: {1}, Grade: {2}".format(name, age, grade))
+print("Grade: {2}, Name: {0}, Age: {1}".format(name, age, grade))
+
+# F-strings (Python 3.6+) - Most recommended!
+print("\n=== F-Strings (Recommended) ===")
+print(f"Name: {name}, Age: {age}, Grade: {grade}")
+
+# Formatting numbers
+pi = 3.14159265359
+large_number = 1234567890
+
+print("\n=== Number Formatting ===")
+print(f"Pi with 2 decimals: {pi:.2f}")
+print(f"Pi with 4 decimals: {pi:.4f}")
+print(f"Large number with commas: {large_number:,}")
+print(f"Percentage: {0.856:.2%}")
+
+# Alignment and padding
+print("\n=== Text Alignment ===")
+print(f"{'Left':<10}|")      # Left aligned (10 characters)
+print(f"{'Right':>10}|")     # Right aligned
+print(f"{'Center':^10}|")    # Center aligned
+
+# Creating tables
+print("\n=== Creating a Simple Table ===")
+print(f"{'Name':<15} {'Age':>5} {'Grade':>8}")
+print("-" * 30)
+print(f"{'Alice':<15} {20:>5} {85.5:>8.2f}")
+print(f"{'Bob':<15} {22:>5} {90.0:>8.2f}")
+print(f"{'Charlie':<15} {19:>5} {78.3:>8.2f}")
+
+# Expressions in f-strings
+a = 10
+b = 20
+
+print("\n=== Expressions in F-Strings ===")
+print(f"a = {a}, b = {b}")
+print(f"Sum: {a + b}")
+print(f"Product: {a * b}")
+print(f"Average: {(a + b) / 2}")
+
+# Multi-line formatted output
+print("\n=== Receipt Example ===")
+item1 = "Notebook"
+price1 = 12.50
+quantity1 = 3
+
+item2 = "Pen"
+price2 = 2.25
+quantity2 = 5
+
+print("=" * 40)
+print(" " * 12 + "RECEIPT")
+print("=" * 40)
+print(f"{'Item':<20} {'Qty':>5} {'Price':>10}")
+print("-" * 40)
+print(f"{item1:<20} {quantity1:>5} ${price1 * quantity1:>9.2f}")
+print(f"{item2:<20} {quantity2:>5} ${price2 * quantity2:>9.2f}")
+print("-" * 40)
+total = (price1 * quantity1) + (price2 * quantity2)
+print(f"{'TOTAL:':<20} {' ':>5} ${total:>9.2f}")
+print("=" * 40)
+
+# Conditional formatting
+score = 85
+status = "Pass" if score >= 50 else "Fail"
+
+print("\n=== Conditional Formatting ===")
+print(f"Score: {score}, Status: {status}")
+print(f"Grade: {'A' if score >= 90 else 'B' if score >= 80 else 'C'}")
+
+# Pretty printing lists and dictionaries
+student = {"name": "Alice", "age": 20, "grade": "A"}
+subjects = ["Math", "Science", "English"]
+
+print("\n=== Formatting Collections ===")
+print(f"Student info: {student}")
+print(f"Subjects: {subjects}")
+print(f"Subjects as string: {', '.join(subjects)}")
+
+# Progress bar example (visual formatting)
+print("\n=== Progress Bar Example ===")
+progress = 75
+bar_length = 20
+filled = int(bar_length * progress / 100)
+bar = "█" * filled + "-" * (bar_length - filled)
+print(f"Progress: [{bar}] {progress}%")
diff --git a/02_Input_Output/03_number_input.py b/02_Input_Output/03_number_input.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..745de20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/02_Input_Output/03_number_input.py
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+"""
+Taking Numeric Input in Python
+===============================
+This program demonstrates how to take and use numeric input from users.
+Remember: input() always returns a string, so we need to convert it!
+"""
+
+# Taking integer input
+print("=== Taking Integer Input ===")
+age = input("Enter your age: ")
+print(f"You entered: {age} (type: {type(age)})")
+
+# Convert string to integer
+age = int(age)
+print(f"After conversion: {age} (type: {type(age)})")
+
+# Now we can do math with it
+next_year_age = age + 1
+print(f"Next year you will be {next_year_age} years old")
+
+# Taking float input
+print("\n=== Taking Float Input ===")
+height = float(input("Enter your height in feet: "))
+print(f"Your height is {height} feet")
+height_in_inches = height * 12
+print(f"That's {height_in_inches} inches!")
+
+# Simple calculator
+print("\n=== Simple Calculator ===")
+num1 = float(input("Enter first number: "))
+num2 = float(input("Enter second number: "))
+
+print(f"\nResults:")
+print(f"{num1} + {num2} = {num1 + num2}")
+print(f"{num1} - {num2} = {num1 - num2}")
+print(f"{num1} * {num2} = {num1 * num2}")
+print(f"{num1} / {num2} = {num1 / num2}")
+
+# Taking input and doing calculations
+print("\n=== Rectangle Area Calculator ===")
+length = float(input("Enter length of rectangle: "))
+width = float(input("Enter width of rectangle: "))
+area = length * width
+perimeter = 2 * (length + width)
+
+print(f"\nRectangle Properties:")
+print(f"Length: {length}")
+print(f"Width: {width}")
+print(f"Area: {area}")
+print(f"Perimeter: {perimeter}")
+
+# Temperature converter
+print("\n=== Temperature Converter (Celsius to Fahrenheit) ===")
+celsius = float(input("Enter temperature in Celsius: "))
+fahrenheit = (celsius * 9/5) + 32
+print(f"{celsius}°C is equal to {fahrenheit}°F")
+
+# Taking input with error handling
+print("\n=== Safe Number Input ===")
+try:
+    number = int(input("Enter a whole number: "))
+    print(f"You entered: {number}")
+    print(f"Double of your number: {number * 2}")
+except ValueError:
+    print("Error: Please enter a valid whole number!")
+
+# Shopping bill calculator
+print("\n=== Shopping Bill Calculator ===")
+item_name = input("Enter item name: ")
+price = float(input("Enter price per item: $"))
+quantity = int(input("Enter quantity: "))
+
+total = price * quantity
+tax = total * 0.1  # 10% tax
+final_total = total + tax
+
+print(f"\n--- Bill ---")
+print(f"Item: {item_name}")
+print(f"Price: ${price:.2f}")
+print(f"Quantity: {quantity}")
+print(f"Subtotal: ${total:.2f}")
+print(f"Tax (10%): ${tax:.2f}")
+print(f"Total: ${final_total:.2f}")
+
+# Age calculator
+print("\n=== Age Calculator ===")
+current_year = 2024
+birth_year = int(input("Enter your birth year: "))
+age = current_year - birth_year
+print(f"You are approximately {age} years old")
+
+# BMI Calculator
+print("\n=== BMI Calculator ===")
+weight = float(input("Enter your weight in kg: "))
+height_m = float(input("Enter your height in meters: "))
+bmi = weight / (height_m ** 2)
+
+print(f"\nYour BMI: {bmi:.2f}")
+if bmi < 18.5:
+    print("Category: Underweight")
+elif bmi < 25:
+    print("Category: Normal weight")
+elif bmi < 30:
+    print("Category: Overweight")
+else:
+    print("Category: Obese")
diff --git a/02_Input_Output/04_multiple_inputs.py b/02_Input_Output/04_multiple_inputs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..222bc83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/02_Input_Output/04_multiple_inputs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+"""
+Taking Multiple Inputs in Python
+=================================
+This program demonstrates different ways to take multiple inputs from users.
+"""
+
+# Taking multiple inputs one by one
+print("=== Multiple Inputs One by One ===")
+first_name = input("Enter your first name: ")
+last_name = input("Enter your last name: ")
+age = int(input("Enter your age: "))
+
+print(f"\nHello, {first_name} {last_name}!")
+print(f"You are {age} years old.")
+
+# Taking multiple inputs in one line (space-separated)
+print("\n=== Multiple Inputs in One Line ===")
+print("Enter three numbers separated by spaces:")
+numbers = input().split()  # Returns a list of strings
+print("You entered:", numbers)
+
+# Convert to integers
+num1, num2, num3 = int(numbers[0]), int(numbers[1]), int(numbers[2])
+print(f"Sum: {num1 + num2 + num3}")
+
+# Better way: using map()
+print("\n=== Using map() for Conversion ===")
+print("Enter three numbers separated by spaces:")
+a, b, c = map(int, input().split())
+print(f"Numbers: {a}, {b}, {c}")
+print(f"Average: {(a + b + c) / 3}")
+
+# Taking multiple floats
+print("\n=== Multiple Float Inputs ===")
+print("Enter three decimal numbers separated by spaces:")
+x, y, z = map(float, input().split())
+print(f"Numbers: {x}, {y}, {z}")
+print(f"Maximum: {max(x, y, z)}")
+print(f"Minimum: {min(x, y, z)}")
+
+# Student information collection
+print("\n=== Student Information Form ===")
+name = input("Enter student name: ")
+roll_number = int(input("Enter roll number: "))
+marks1 = float(input("Enter marks in Subject 1: "))
+marks2 = float(input("Enter marks in Subject 2: "))
+marks3 = float(input("Enter marks in Subject 3: "))
+
+total_marks = marks1 + marks2 + marks3
+average = total_marks / 3
+
+print("\n--- Student Report ---")
+print(f"Name: {name}")
+print(f"Roll Number: {roll_number}")
+print(f"Marks: {marks1}, {marks2}, {marks3}")
+print(f"Total: {total_marks}")
+print(f"Average: {average:.2f}")
+
+# Taking a list of items
+print("\n=== Shopping List ===")
+print("Enter items separated by commas:")
+items = input().split(",")
+# Remove extra spaces from each item
+items = [item.strip() for item in items]
+
+print("\nYour shopping list:")
+for i, item in enumerate(items, 1):
+    print(f"{i}. {item}")
+
+# Yes/No input
+print("\n=== Yes/No Input ===")
+response = input("Do you like Python? (yes/no): ").lower()
+if response == "yes" or response == "y":
+    print("Great! Keep learning!")
+elif response == "no" or response == "n":
+    print("Give it more time, you'll love it!")
+else:
+    print("Please answer yes or no")
+
+# Menu-based input
+print("\n=== Menu Selection ===")
+print("Choose an operation:")
+print("1. Addition")
+print("2. Subtraction")
+print("3. Multiplication")
+print("4. Division")
+choice = int(input("Enter your choice (1-4): "))
+
+if 1 <= choice <= 4:
+    num1 = float(input("Enter first number: "))
+    num2 = float(input("Enter second number: "))
+    
+    if choice == 1:
+        print(f"Result: {num1 + num2}")
+    elif choice == 2:
+        print(f"Result: {num1 - num2}")
+    elif choice == 3:
+        print(f"Result: {num1 * num2}")
+    elif choice == 4:
+        if num2 != 0:
+            print(f"Result: {num1 / num2}")
+        else:
+            print("Error: Division by zero!")
+else:
+    print("Invalid choice!")
+
+# Personal information collector
+print("\n=== Personal Information ===")
+data = {}
+data['name'] = input("Full Name: ")
+data['email'] = input("Email: ")
+data['phone'] = input("Phone Number: ")
+data['address'] = input("Address: ")
+
+print("\n--- Information Summary ---")
+for key, value in data.items():
+    print(f"{key.capitalize()}: {value}")
+
+# Quiz program
+print("\n=== Quick Quiz ===")
+score = 0
+
+question1 = input("What is the capital of France? ").lower()
+if question1 == "paris":
+    print("Correct!")
+    score += 1
+else:
+    print("Wrong! The answer is Paris.")
+
+question2 = input("What is 5 + 7? ")
+if question2 == "12":
+    print("Correct!")
+    score += 1
+else:
+    print("Wrong! The answer is 12.")
+
+print(f"\nYour score: {score}/2")
diff --git a/02_Input_Output/README.md b/02_Input_Output/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..580e7d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/02_Input_Output/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# Input and Output in Python 💬
+
+## What is Input/Output?
+
+**Input**: Getting data from the user
+**Output**: Displaying data to the user
+
+## Taking Input
+
+Python uses the `input()` function to take input from users. All input comes as a **string** by default.
+
+```python
+name = input("Enter your name: ")
+print("Hello,", name)
+```
+
+## Displaying Output
+
+Python uses the `print()` function to display output.
+
+```python
+print("Hello, World!")
+```
+
+## Important Points
+
+1. **input() always returns a string** - Convert it if you need numbers
+2. **print() can display multiple items** - Separate with commas
+3. **Use formatting** for better-looking output
+
+## Examples in This Folder
+
+1. **01_basic_input_output.py** - Simple input and output
+2. **02_formatted_output.py** - Different ways to format output
+3. **03_number_input.py** - Taking and using numeric input
+4. **04_multiple_inputs.py** - Getting multiple inputs from user
+
+## Tips for Beginners
+
+- Always add a prompt message in input() to tell users what to enter
+- Remember to convert input to int or float if you need to do math
+- Use f-strings (f"...") for easy string formatting
+- The print() function automatically adds a new line at the end
+
+## Practice
+
+Try running each example and experiment with different inputs!
diff --git a/03_Conditional_Statements/01_basic_if_else.py b/03_Conditional_Statements/01_basic_if_else.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..628712e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/03_Conditional_Statements/01_basic_if_else.py
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+"""
+Basic if-else Statements in Python
+===================================
+This program demonstrates how to use if and else statements to make decisions.
+"""
+
+# Simple if statement
+print("=== Simple if Statement ===")
+age = 20
+
+if age >= 18:
+    print("You are an adult")
+    print("You can vote!")
+
+print("This line always executes\n")
+
+# if-else statement
+print("=== if-else Statement ===")
+temperature = 25
+
+if temperature > 30:
+    print("It's hot outside!")
+else:
+    print("The weather is pleasant.")
+
+# Checking even or odd
+print("\n=== Even or Odd Checker ===")
+number = 7
+
+if number % 2 == 0:
+    print(f"{number} is even")
+else:
+    print(f"{number} is odd")
+
+# Comparison operators
+print("\n=== Comparison Operators ===")
+a = 10
+b = 20
+
+print(f"a = {a}, b = {b}")
+print(f"a == b: {a == b}")   # Equal to
+print(f"a != b: {a != b}")   # Not equal to
+print(f"a > b: {a > b}")     # Greater than
+print(f"a < b: {a < b}")     # Less than
+print(f"a >= b: {a >= b}")   # Greater than or equal to
+print(f"a <= b: {a <= b}")   # Less than or equal to
+
+# Using comparisons in if statements
+print("\n=== Grade Pass/Fail ===")
+marks = 75
+
+if marks >= 50:
+    print(f"Marks: {marks}")
+    print("Result: PASS ✓")
+else:
+    print(f"Marks: {marks}")
+    print("Result: FAIL ✗")
+
+# String comparison
+print("\n=== String Comparison ===")
+password = "python123"
+user_input = "python123"
+
+if user_input == password:
+    print("Password correct! Access granted.")
+else:
+    print("Wrong password! Access denied.")
+
+# Checking if a number is positive or negative
+print("\n=== Positive/Negative Checker ===")
+num = -5
+
+if num >= 0:
+    print(f"{num} is positive or zero")
+else:
+    print(f"{num} is negative")
+
+# Age category checker
+print("\n=== Age Category ===")
+person_age = 15
+
+if person_age >= 18:
+    print("Category: Adult")
+    print("Can drive, vote, and watch adult movies")
+else:
+    print("Category: Minor")
+    print("Cannot drive or vote yet")
+
+# Boolean variables in conditions
+print("\n=== Boolean in Conditions ===")
+is_raining = True
+
+if is_raining:
+    print("Take an umbrella!")
+else:
+    print("No need for an umbrella.")
+
+# Discount eligibility
+print("\n=== Discount Checker ===")
+purchase_amount = 1500
+minimum_for_discount = 1000
+
+if purchase_amount >= minimum_for_discount:
+    discount = purchase_amount * 0.1
+    final_amount = purchase_amount - discount
+    print(f"Purchase amount: ${purchase_amount}")
+    print(f"Discount (10%): ${discount}")
+    print(f"Final amount: ${final_amount}")
+else:
+    print(f"Purchase amount: ${purchase_amount}")
+    print("No discount available")
+    print(f"Final amount: ${purchase_amount}")
+
+# Membership check
+print("\n=== Membership Checker ===")
+has_membership = False
+
+if has_membership:
+    print("Welcome back, member! Enjoy 20% off.")
+else:
+    print("Sign up for membership to get discounts!")
+
+# Interactive example
+print("\n=== Interactive Age Checker ===")
+user_age = int(input("Enter your age: "))
+
+if user_age >= 18:
+    print("You are eligible to vote!")
+else:
+    years_left = 18 - user_age
+    print(f"You need to wait {years_left} more year(s) to vote.")
diff --git a/03_Conditional_Statements/02_elif_statement.py b/03_Conditional_Statements/02_elif_statement.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2a02ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/03_Conditional_Statements/02_elif_statement.py
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+"""
+elif (else-if) Statement in Python
+===================================
+This program demonstrates how to use elif for multiple conditions.
+"""
+
+# Basic elif example
+print("=== Traffic Light System ===")
+light = "yellow"
+
+if light == "red":
+    print("STOP")
+elif light == "yellow":
+    print("SLOW DOWN")
+elif light == "green":
+    print("GO")
+else:
+    print("Invalid light color")
+
+# Grade calculator
+print("\n=== Grade Calculator ===")
+marks = 85
+
+if marks >= 90:
+    grade = "A"
+elif marks >= 80:
+    grade = "B"
+elif marks >= 70:
+    grade = "C"
+elif marks >= 60:
+    grade = "D"
+elif marks >= 50:
+    grade = "E"
+else:
+    grade = "F"
+
+print(f"Marks: {marks}")
+print(f"Grade: {grade}")
+
+# Age category checker (more detailed)
+print("\n=== Detailed Age Categories ===")
+age = 25
+
+if age < 0:
+    print("Invalid age!")
+elif age <= 2:
+    print("Category: Infant")
+elif age <= 12:
+    print("Category: Child")
+elif age <= 19:
+    print("Category: Teenager")
+elif age <= 59:
+    print("Category: Adult")
+else:
+    print("Category: Senior Citizen")
+
+# BMI category
+print("\n=== BMI Category Calculator ===")
+bmi = 23.5
+
+if bmi < 18.5:
+    category = "Underweight"
+    suggestion = "You should eat more nutritious food"
+elif bmi < 25:
+    category = "Normal weight"
+    suggestion = "Keep maintaining your healthy lifestyle!"
+elif bmi < 30:
+    category = "Overweight"
+    suggestion = "Consider regular exercise and balanced diet"
+else:
+    category = "Obese"
+    suggestion = "Please consult a doctor for health advice"
+
+print(f"BMI: {bmi}")
+print(f"Category: {category}")
+print(f"Suggestion: {suggestion}")
+
+# Temperature advisory
+print("\n=== Temperature Advisory ===")
+temp = 28
+
+if temp < 0:
+    print("Freezing! Stay indoors.")
+elif temp < 15:
+    print("Cold. Wear warm clothes.")
+elif temp < 25:
+    print("Pleasant weather. Enjoy!")
+elif temp < 35:
+    print("Warm. Stay hydrated.")
+else:
+    print("Very hot! Avoid going out.")
+
+# Discount based on purchase amount
+print("\n=== Discount Calculator ===")
+amount = 2500
+
+if amount >= 5000:
+    discount_percent = 20
+elif amount >= 3000:
+    discount_percent = 15
+elif amount >= 1000:
+    discount_percent = 10
+elif amount >= 500:
+    discount_percent = 5
+else:
+    discount_percent = 0
+
+discount = amount * discount_percent / 100
+final_amount = amount - discount
+
+print(f"Purchase amount: ${amount}")
+print(f"Discount: {discount_percent}%")
+print(f"Discount amount: ${discount}")
+print(f"Final amount: ${final_amount}")
+
+# Day of week
+print("\n=== Day of Week ===")
+day = 3
+
+if day == 1:
+    print("Monday - Start of the work week")
+elif day == 2:
+    print("Tuesday")
+elif day == 3:
+    print("Wednesday - Mid-week")
+elif day == 4:
+    print("Thursday")
+elif day == 5:
+    print("Friday - Last working day!")
+elif day == 6:
+    print("Saturday - Weekend!")
+elif day == 7:
+    print("Sunday - Weekend!")
+else:
+    print("Invalid day number!")
+
+# Ticket pricing based on age
+print("\n=== Movie Ticket Pricing ===")
+visitor_age = 8
+
+if visitor_age < 3:
+    price = 0
+    category = "Free (Infant)"
+elif visitor_age < 12:
+    price = 5
+    category = "Child ticket"
+elif visitor_age < 18:
+    price = 8
+    category = "Teen ticket"
+elif visitor_age < 60:
+    price = 12
+    category = "Adult ticket"
+else:
+    price = 6
+    category = "Senior citizen ticket"
+
+print(f"Age: {visitor_age}")
+print(f"Category: {category}")
+print(f"Ticket price: ${price}")
+
+# Interactive grade calculator
+print("\n=== Interactive Grade Calculator ===")
+score = int(input("Enter your marks (0-100): "))
+
+if score > 100 or score < 0:
+    print("Invalid marks! Please enter between 0 and 100.")
+elif score >= 90:
+    print("Grade: A - Excellent!")
+elif score >= 80:
+    print("Grade: B - Very Good!")
+elif score >= 70:
+    print("Grade: C - Good!")
+elif score >= 60:
+    print("Grade: D - Satisfactory")
+elif score >= 50:
+    print("Grade: E - Pass")
+else:
+    print("Grade: F - Fail")
diff --git a/03_Conditional_Statements/03_nested_conditions.py b/03_Conditional_Statements/03_nested_conditions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2982cc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/03_Conditional_Statements/03_nested_conditions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+"""
+Nested Conditional Statements in Python
+========================================
+This program demonstrates conditions inside conditions (nested if statements).
+"""
+
+# Basic nested if
+print("=== Basic Nested if ===")
+age = 25
+has_license = True
+
+if age >= 18:
+    print("Age requirement met")
+    if has_license:
+        print("You can drive!")
+    else:
+        print("You need a driving license")
+else:
+    print("You are too young to drive")
+
+# Nested if-else with multiple levels
+print("\n=== Login System ===")
+username = "admin"
+password = "pass123"
+user_input = "admin"
+pass_input = "pass123"
+
+if user_input == username:
+    print("Username correct")
+    if pass_input == password:
+        print("Password correct")
+        print("Login successful! ✓")
+    else:
+        print("Wrong password! ✗")
+else:
+    print("Username not found! ✗")
+
+# Eligibility for scholarship
+print("\n=== Scholarship Eligibility ===")
+marks = 85
+family_income = 30000
+has_sports = True
+
+if marks >= 80:
+    print("Academic requirement met")
+    if family_income < 50000:
+        print("Income requirement met")
+        if has_sports:
+            print("Sports quota bonus!")
+            print("Scholarship: $5000")
+        else:
+            print("Scholarship: $3000")
+    else:
+        print("Family income too high for scholarship")
+else:
+    print("Marks not sufficient for scholarship")
+
+# Voting eligibility with detailed checks
+print("\n=== Voting Eligibility Checker ===")
+age = 20
+is_citizen = True
+has_id = True
+
+if age >= 18:
+    print("Age: Eligible")
+    if is_citizen:
+        print("Citizenship: Verified")
+        if has_id:
+            print("ID: Verified")
+            print("\n✓ You can vote!")
+        else:
+            print("ID: Not found")
+            print("\n✗ Please bring a valid ID to vote")
+    else:
+        print("Citizenship: Not verified")
+        print("\n✗ Only citizens can vote")
+else:
+    years_left = 18 - age
+    print(f"Age: Not eligible (wait {years_left} more years)")
+
+# Admission process
+print("\n=== College Admission System ===")
+entrance_score = 450
+interview_score = 85
+has_recommendation = True
+
+if entrance_score >= 400:
+    print("Entrance exam: PASSED")
+    if interview_score >= 80:
+        print("Interview: PASSED")
+        if has_recommendation:
+            print("Recommendation letter: YES")
+            print("\n🎓 Admission Status: ACCEPTED with Honors")
+        else:
+            print("Recommendation letter: NO")
+            print("\n🎓 Admission Status: ACCEPTED")
+    else:
+        print("Interview: FAILED")
+        print(f"Score: {interview_score}/100 (minimum required: 80)")
+        print("\n❌ Admission Status: REJECTED")
+else:
+    print("Entrance exam: FAILED")
+    print(f"Score: {entrance_score}/500 (minimum required: 400)")
+    print("\n❌ Admission Status: REJECTED")
+
+# Shopping discount with membership
+print("\n=== Advanced Shopping Discount ===")
+purchase_amount = 1500
+is_member = True
+first_time = False
+
+if purchase_amount >= 1000:
+    if is_member:
+        if first_time:
+            discount = purchase_amount * 0.25  # 25% for first time members
+            print("Discount: 25% (Member + First Purchase)")
+        else:
+            discount = purchase_amount * 0.20  # 20% for regular members
+            print("Discount: 20% (Regular Member)")
+    else:
+        discount = purchase_amount * 0.10  # 10% for non-members
+        print("Discount: 10% (Non-member)")
+else:
+    if is_member:
+        discount = purchase_amount * 0.05  # 5% for members on small purchases
+        print("Discount: 5% (Member - small purchase)")
+    else:
+        discount = 0  # No discount
+        print("No discount available")
+
+final_amount = purchase_amount - discount
+print(f"\nPurchase amount: ${purchase_amount}")
+print(f"Discount amount: ${discount}")
+print(f"Final amount: ${final_amount}")
+
+# Exam result with detailed feedback
+print("\n=== Exam Result System ===")
+theory_marks = 75
+practical_marks = 80
+attendance = 85
+
+if theory_marks >= 50:
+    print("Theory: PASS")
+    if practical_marks >= 50:
+        print("Practical: PASS")
+        if attendance >= 75:
+            print("Attendance: Sufficient")
+            average = (theory_marks + practical_marks) / 2
+            print(f"\nOverall Average: {average}")
+            
+            if average >= 90:
+                print("Result: DISTINCTION ⭐⭐⭐")
+            elif average >= 75:
+                print("Result: FIRST CLASS ⭐⭐")
+            elif average >= 60:
+                print("Result: SECOND CLASS ⭐")
+            else:
+                print("Result: PASS ✓")
+        else:
+            print("Attendance: Insufficient")
+            print(f"Attendance: {attendance}% (minimum required: 75%)")
+            print("\nResult: DETAINED")
+    else:
+        print("Practical: FAIL")
+        print("\nResult: FAIL in Practical")
+else:
+    print("Theory: FAIL")
+    print("\nResult: FAIL in Theory")
diff --git a/03_Conditional_Statements/04_logical_operators.py b/03_Conditional_Statements/04_logical_operators.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba9cc67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/03_Conditional_Statements/04_logical_operators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+"""
+Logical Operators in Python
+============================
+This program demonstrates using and, or, not operators in conditions.
+"""
+
+# AND operator - both conditions must be True
+print("=== AND Operator ===")
+age = 25
+has_license = True
+
+if age >= 18 and has_license:
+    print("You can drive a car!")
+else:
+    print("You cannot drive")
+
+# More AND examples
+print("\n=== Login with AND ===")
+username = "admin"
+password = "1234"
+
+if username == "admin" and password == "1234":
+    print("Login successful!")
+else:
+    print("Invalid credentials")
+
+# OR operator - at least one condition must be True
+print("\n=== OR Operator ===")
+day = "Sunday"
+
+if day == "Saturday" or day == "Sunday":
+    print("It's the weekend! 🎉")
+else:
+    print("It's a weekday 📚")
+
+# More OR examples
+print("\n=== Emergency Contact OR ===")
+relationship = "parent"
+
+if relationship == "parent" or relationship == "guardian" or relationship == "spouse":
+    print("Valid emergency contact")
+else:
+    print("Please provide a close family member")
+
+# NOT operator - reverses the condition
+print("\n=== NOT Operator ===")
+is_raining = False
+
+if not is_raining:
+    print("You don't need an umbrella")
+else:
+    print("Take an umbrella!")
+
+# Combining AND, OR
+print("\n=== Combining AND, OR ===")
+age = 22
+student = True
+employed = False
+
+if (age < 25 and student) or employed:
+    print("Eligible for discount")
+else:
+    print("Not eligible for discount")
+
+# Scholarship eligibility
+print("\n=== Scholarship Eligibility ===")
+marks = 85
+income = 40000
+
+if marks >= 80 and income < 50000:
+    print("Eligible for scholarship!")
+else:
+    print("Not eligible for scholarship")
+
+# Voting eligibility with logical operators
+print("\n=== Voting Eligibility ===")
+age = 20
+is_citizen = True
+has_criminal_record = False
+
+if age >= 18 and is_citizen and not has_criminal_record:
+    print("You are eligible to vote! ✓")
+else:
+    print("You are not eligible to vote")
+
+# Weekend or holiday
+print("\n=== Day Off Checker ===")
+day = "Saturday"
+is_holiday = False
+
+if day == "Saturday" or day == "Sunday" or is_holiday:
+    print("You have the day off! 😊")
+else:
+    print("It's a working day")
+
+# Movie rating system
+print("\n=== Movie Access Control ===")
+age = 16
+has_parent = True
+movie_rating = "R"
+
+if movie_rating == "G":
+    print("Everyone can watch")
+elif movie_rating == "PG" and (age >= 13 or has_parent):
+    print("You can watch this movie")
+elif movie_rating == "R" and age >= 18:
+    print("You can watch this movie")
+elif movie_rating == "R" and age >= 13 and has_parent:
+    print("You can watch with parental guidance")
+else:
+    print("You cannot watch this movie")
+
+# Exam pass conditions
+print("\n=== Exam Pass Criteria ===")
+theory = 65
+practical = 70
+attendance = 80
+
+if (theory >= 50 and practical >= 50) and attendance >= 75:
+    print("Result: PASS ✓")
+    print("Congratulations!")
+else:
+    print("Result: FAIL ✗")
+    if theory < 50:
+        print("Failed in theory")
+    if practical < 50:
+        print("Failed in practical")
+    if attendance < 75:
+        print("Insufficient attendance")
+
+# Login attempt validation
+print("\n=== Login Validation ===")
+username = "user123"
+password = "pass456"
+account_active = True
+attempts_left = 3
+
+if username == "user123" and password == "pass456":
+    if account_active and attempts_left > 0:
+        print("Login successful!")
+    elif not account_active:
+        print("Account is deactivated")
+    else:
+        print("Too many failed attempts")
+else:
+    print("Invalid username or password")
+
+# Discount eligibility
+print("\n=== Discount Eligibility ===")
+purchase_amount = 1200
+is_member = True
+has_coupon = False
+
+if purchase_amount >= 1000 or (is_member and purchase_amount >= 500):
+    print("Base discount: 10%")
+    if has_coupon:
+        print("Additional coupon discount: 5%")
+        print("Total discount: 15%")
+    else:
+        print("Total discount: 10%")
+else:
+    print("No discount available")
+
+# Temperature comfort check
+print("\n=== Temperature Comfort ===")
+temperature = 24
+humidity = 60
+
+if (temperature >= 20 and temperature <= 26) and humidity < 70:
+    print("Weather is comfortable! 😊")
+elif temperature < 20:
+    print("It's cold!")
+elif temperature > 26:
+    print("It's hot!")
+else:
+    print("High humidity makes it uncomfortable")
+
+# Interactive example
+print("\n=== Interactive Age & License Check ===")
+user_age = int(input("Enter your age: "))
+has_driving_license = input("Do you have a driving license? (yes/no): ").lower()
+
+if user_age >= 18 and (has_driving_license == "yes" or has_driving_license == "y"):
+    print("You are allowed to drive!")
+elif user_age >= 18 and (has_driving_license == "no" or has_driving_license == "n"):
+    print("You are old enough but need a license")
+else:
+    print("You are too young to drive")
diff --git a/03_Conditional_Statements/05_practical_examples.py b/03_Conditional_Statements/05_practical_examples.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fdee178
--- /dev/null
+++ b/03_Conditional_Statements/05_practical_examples.py
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+"""
+Practical Examples of Conditional Statements
+=============================================
+This program contains real-world applications of if-else statements.
+"""
+
+# Example 1: Simple Calculator
+print("=== SIMPLE CALCULATOR ===")
+try:
+    num1 = float(input("Enter first number: "))
+    operator = input("Enter operator (+, -, *, /): ")
+    num2 = float(input("Enter second number: "))
+except ValueError:
+    print("Error: Please enter valid numbers!")
+    num1, operator, num2 = 10, "+", 5  # Default values for demonstration
+    print(f"Using default values: {num1} {operator} {num2}")
+
+if operator == "+":
+    result = num1 + num2
+    print(f"{num1} + {num2} = {result}")
+elif operator == "-":
+    result = num1 - num2
+    print(f"{num1} - {num2} = {result}")
+elif operator == "*":
+    result = num1 * num2
+    print(f"{num1} * {num2} = {result}")
+elif operator == "/":
+    if num2 != 0:
+        result = num1 / num2
+        print(f"{num1} / {num2} = {result}")
+    else:
+        print("Error: Division by zero!")
+else:
+    print("Invalid operator!")
+
+# Example 2: Grade Calculator
+print("\n=== GRADE CALCULATOR ===")
+try:
+    marks = int(input("Enter your marks (0-100): "))
+except (ValueError, EOFError):
+    marks = 85  # Default value for demonstration
+    print(f"Using default value: {marks}")
+
+if marks > 100 or marks < 0:
+    print("Invalid marks! Please enter between 0 and 100.")
+else:
+    if marks >= 90:
+        grade = "A"
+        remark = "Outstanding!"
+    elif marks >= 80:
+        grade = "B"
+        remark = "Excellent!"
+    elif marks >= 70:
+        grade = "C"
+        remark = "Good!"
+    elif marks >= 60:
+        grade = "D"
+        remark = "Satisfactory"
+    elif marks >= 50:
+        grade = "E"
+        remark = "Pass"
+    else:
+        grade = "F"
+        remark = "Fail"
+    
+    print(f"Marks: {marks}")
+    print(f"Grade: {grade}")
+    print(f"Remark: {remark}")
+
+# Example 3: Leap Year Checker
+print("\n=== LEAP YEAR CHECKER ===")
+try:
+    year = int(input("Enter a year: "))
+except (ValueError, EOFError):
+    year = 2024  # Default value for demonstration
+    print(f"Using default value: {year}")
+
+if (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0) or (year % 400 == 0):
+    print(f"{year} is a leap year! 🎉")
+else:
+    print(f"{year} is not a leap year.")
+
+# Example 4: Electricity Bill Calculator
+print("\n=== ELECTRICITY BILL CALCULATOR ===")
+try:
+    units = int(input("Enter units consumed: "))
+except (ValueError, EOFError):
+    units = 250  # Default value for demonstration
+    print(f"Using default value: {units} units")
+
+if units <= 100:
+    bill = units * 0
+    print("First 100 units are free!")
+elif units <= 200:
+    bill = (units - 100) * 2.50
+elif units <= 300:
+    bill = (100 * 2.50) + ((units - 200) * 4.00)
+else:
+    bill = (100 * 2.50) + (100 * 4.00) + ((units - 300) * 6.50)
+
+print(f"Units consumed: {units}")
+print(f"Total bill: ${bill:.2f}")
+
+# Example 5: Triangle Type Checker
+print("\n=== TRIANGLE TYPE CHECKER ===")
+try:
+    side1 = float(input("Enter first side: "))
+    side2 = float(input("Enter second side: "))
+    side3 = float(input("Enter third side: "))
+except (ValueError, EOFError):
+    side1, side2, side3 = 5, 5, 5  # Default values for demonstration
+    print(f"Using default values: {side1}, {side2}, {side3}")
+
+if side1 + side2 > side3 and side2 + side3 > side1 and side1 + side3 > side2:
+    print("Valid triangle!")
+    if side1 == side2 == side3:
+        print("Type: Equilateral Triangle")
+    elif side1 == side2 or side2 == side3 or side1 == side3:
+        print("Type: Isosceles Triangle")
+    else:
+        print("Type: Scalene Triangle")
+else:
+    print("Invalid triangle! Sum of any two sides must be greater than the third.")
+
+# Example 6: Largest of Three Numbers
+print("\n=== LARGEST OF THREE NUMBERS ===")
+try:
+    a = int(input("Enter first number: "))
+    b = int(input("Enter second number: "))
+    c = int(input("Enter third number: "))
+except (ValueError, EOFError):
+    a, b, c = 10, 25, 15  # Default values for demonstration
+    print(f"Using default values: {a}, {b}, {c}")
+
+if a >= b and a >= c:
+    largest = a
+elif b >= a and b >= c:
+    largest = b
+else:
+    largest = c
+
+print(f"The largest number is: {largest}")
+
+# Example 7: Ticket Booking System
+print("\n=== MOVIE TICKET BOOKING ===")
+try:
+    age = int(input("Enter your age: "))
+    movie_time = input("Enter show time (morning/afternoon/evening): ").lower()
+except (ValueError, EOFError):
+    age, movie_time = 25, "morning"  # Default values for demonstration
+    print(f"Using default values: age={age}, time={movie_time}")
+
+# Calculate base price
+if age < 3:
+    base_price = 0
+elif age < 12:
+    base_price = 100
+elif age < 60:
+    base_price = 200
+else:
+    base_price = 150
+
+# Apply time-based discount
+if movie_time == "morning":
+    discount = base_price * 0.20
+    print("Morning show discount: 20%")
+elif movie_time == "afternoon":
+    discount = base_price * 0.10
+    print("Afternoon show discount: 10%")
+else:
+    discount = 0
+    print("No time discount for evening shows")
+
+final_price = base_price - discount
+print(f"\nBase price: ${base_price}")
+print(f"Discount: ${discount}")
+print(f"Final ticket price: ${final_price}")
+
+# Example 8: Password Strength Checker
+print("\n=== PASSWORD STRENGTH CHECKER ===")
+try:
+    password = input("Enter a password: ")
+except EOFError:
+    password = "Test123"  # Default value for demonstration
+    print(f"Using default password: {password}")
+length = len(password)
+
+has_upper = any(c.isupper() for c in password)
+has_lower = any(c.islower() for c in password)
+has_digit = any(c.isdigit() for c in password)
+
+if length < 6:
+    strength = "Very Weak"
+    message = "Password is too short!"
+elif length < 8:
+    if has_upper and has_lower:
+        strength = "Weak"
+        message = "Add numbers for better security"
+    else:
+        strength = "Very Weak"
+        message = "Use both uppercase and lowercase"
+else:
+    if has_upper and has_lower and has_digit:
+        strength = "Strong"
+        message = "Great password! ✓"
+    elif (has_upper and has_lower) or (has_digit and (has_upper or has_lower)):
+        strength = "Medium"
+        message = "Consider adding more variety"
+    else:
+        strength = "Weak"
+        message = "Use uppercase, lowercase, and numbers"
+
+print(f"Password length: {length}")
+print(f"Strength: {strength}")
+print(f"Message: {message}")
diff --git a/03_Conditional_Statements/README.md b/03_Conditional_Statements/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2ac170
--- /dev/null
+++ b/03_Conditional_Statements/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+# Conditional Statements in Python 🔀
+
+## What are Conditional Statements?
+
+Conditional statements allow your program to make decisions and execute different code based on conditions. They are like "if this happens, then do that" logic.
+
+## Types of Conditional Statements
+
+### 1. **if statement**
+Executes code only if the condition is True
+```python
+if age >= 18:
+    print("You are an adult")
+```
+
+### 2. **if-else statement**
+Executes one block if True, another if False
+```python
+if age >= 18:
+    print("You are an adult")
+else:
+    print("You are a minor")
+```
+
+### 3. **if-elif-else statement**
+Tests multiple conditions
+```python
+if score >= 90:
+    print("Grade A")
+elif score >= 80:
+    print("Grade B")
+else:
+    print("Grade C")
+```
+
+## Comparison Operators
+
+- `==` : Equal to
+- `!=` : Not equal to
+- `>` : Greater than
+- `<` : Less than
+- `>=` : Greater than or equal to
+- `<=` : Less than or equal to
+
+## Logical Operators
+
+- `and` : Both conditions must be True
+- `or` : At least one condition must be True
+- `not` : Reverses the condition
+
+## Examples in This Folder
+
+1. **01_basic_if_else.py** - Simple if-else conditions
+2. **02_elif_statement.py** - Multiple conditions with elif
+3. **03_nested_conditions.py** - Conditions inside conditions
+4. **04_logical_operators.py** - Using and, or, not
+5. **05_practical_examples.py** - Real-world applications
+
+## Tips for Beginners
+
+- Use proper indentation (4 spaces) - it's required in Python!
+- Conditions must evaluate to True or False
+- Use `==` for comparison, not `=` (which is for assignment)
+- Test your conditions with different values
+
+## Practice
+
+Run each example and try modifying the conditions to see different outcomes!
diff --git a/04_Loops/01_basic_for_loop.py b/04_Loops/01_basic_for_loop.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02a131e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/04_Loops/01_basic_for_loop.py
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+"""
+Basic for Loop in Python
+=========================
+This program demonstrates how to use for loops to repeat code.
+"""
+
+# Simple for loop
+print("=== Simple for Loop ===")
+for i in range(5):
+    print(f"Iteration {i}")
+
+# Looping through a list
+print("\n=== Looping Through a List ===")
+fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange", "grape"]
+for fruit in fruits:
+    print(f"I like {fruit}")
+
+# Looping through a string
+print("\n=== Looping Through a String ===")
+word = "Python"
+for char in word:
+    print(char)
+
+# Counting from 1 to 10
+print("\n=== Counting 1 to 10 ===")
+for number in range(1, 11):
+    print(number, end=" ")
+print()  # New line
+
+# Printing even numbers
+print("\n=== Even Numbers (0-20) ===")
+for num in range(0, 21, 2):
+    print(num, end=" ")
+print()
+
+# Using loop with index
+print("\n=== List with Index ===")
+colors = ["red", "green", "blue", "yellow"]
+for i in range(len(colors)):
+    print(f"Index {i}: {colors[i]}")
+
+# enumerate() - Better way to get index and value
+print("\n=== Using enumerate() ===")
+subjects = ["Math", "Science", "English"]
+for index, subject in enumerate(subjects):
+    print(f"{index + 1}. {subject}")
+
+# Starting enumerate from 1
+print("\n=== enumerate() Starting from 1 ===")
+for index, subject in enumerate(subjects, start=1):
+    print(f"{index}. {subject}")
+
+# Looping through a tuple
+print("\n=== Looping Through a Tuple ===")
+coordinates = (10, 20, 30, 40)
+for coord in coordinates:
+    print(f"Coordinate: {coord}")
+
+# Calculating sum using loop
+print("\n=== Sum of Numbers ===")
+numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
+total = 0
+for num in numbers:
+    total += num
+print(f"Numbers: {numbers}")
+print(f"Sum: {total}")
+
+# Multiplication table
+print("\n=== Multiplication Table of 5 ===")
+for i in range(1, 11):
+    print(f"5 × {i} = {5 * i}")
+
+# Countdown
+print("\n=== Countdown ===")
+for i in range(5, 0, -1):
+    print(i)
+print("Blast off! 🚀")
+
+# Pattern printing
+print("\n=== Star Pattern ===")
+for i in range(1, 6):
+    print("* " * i)
+
+# Shopping list with formatting
+print("\n=== Shopping List ===")
+shopping_items = ["milk", "bread", "eggs", "butter", "cheese"]
+print("My Shopping List:")
+print("-" * 30)
+for item_num, item in enumerate(shopping_items, start=1):
+    print(f"{item_num}. {item.capitalize()}")
+
+# Looping through dictionary keys
+print("\n=== Dictionary Keys ===")
+student = {"name": "Alice", "age": 20, "grade": "A"}
+for key in student:
+    print(f"{key}: {student[key]}")
+
+# Better way - using items()
+print("\n=== Dictionary Items ===")
+for key, value in student.items():
+    print(f"{key}: {value}")
+
+# Squaring numbers
+print("\n=== Square Numbers ===")
+for num in range(1, 6):
+    square = num ** 2
+    print(f"{num}² = {square}")
+
+# Finding maximum in a list
+print("\n=== Finding Maximum ===")
+numbers = [45, 23, 78, 12, 67, 34]
+max_num = numbers[0]
+for num in numbers:
+    if num > max_num:
+        max_num = num
+print(f"Numbers: {numbers}")
+print(f"Maximum: {max_num}")
+
+# Greeting multiple people
+print("\n=== Greeting Multiple People ===")
+names = ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie", "Diana"]
+for name in names:
+    print(f"Hello, {name}! Welcome to Python.")
diff --git a/04_Loops/02_range_function.py b/04_Loops/02_range_function.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..761c626
--- /dev/null
+++ b/04_Loops/02_range_function.py
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+"""
+Range Function in Python
+=========================
+This program demonstrates different ways to use the range() function in loops.
+"""
+
+# Basic range - starts from 0
+print("=== range(5) - Numbers 0 to 4 ===")
+for i in range(5):
+    print(i, end=" ")
+print()
+
+# Range with start and stop
+print("\n=== range(1, 6) - Numbers 1 to 5 ===")
+for i in range(1, 6):
+    print(i, end=" ")
+print()
+
+# Range with step
+print("\n=== range(0, 10, 2) - Even numbers ===")
+for i in range(0, 10, 2):
+    print(i, end=" ")
+print()
+
+# Odd numbers using range
+print("\n=== Odd Numbers (1-20) ===")
+for i in range(1, 21, 2):
+    print(i, end=" ")
+print()
+
+# Counting backwards
+print("\n=== Countdown from 10 ===")
+for i in range(10, 0, -1):
+    print(i, end=" ")
+print("\nLiftoff! 🚀")
+
+# Range with negative step
+print("\n=== range(20, 0, -2) - Reverse even ===")
+for i in range(20, 0, -2):
+    print(i, end=" ")
+print()
+
+# Converting range to list
+print("\n=== Range as List ===")
+numbers = list(range(1, 11))
+print(f"List: {numbers}")
+
+# Sum of first n natural numbers
+print("\n=== Sum of First 10 Natural Numbers ===")
+n = 10
+total = 0
+for i in range(1, n + 1):
+    total += i
+print(f"Sum of 1 to {n} = {total}")
+
+# Multiplication tables using range
+print("\n=== Multiplication Table of 7 ===")
+table_num = 7
+for i in range(1, 11):
+    result = table_num * i
+    print(f"{table_num} × {i} = {result}")
+
+# Printing multiples
+print("\n=== Multiples of 3 (up to 30) ===")
+for num in range(3, 31, 3):
+    print(num, end=" ")
+print()
+
+# Squares using range
+print("\n=== Squares of Numbers 1-10 ===")
+for num in range(1, 11):
+    print(f"{num}² = {num**2}")
+
+# Powers of 2
+print("\n=== Powers of 2 (2⁰ to 2¹⁰) ===")
+for power in range(11):
+    result = 2 ** power
+    print(f"2^{power} = {result}")
+
+# Accessing list elements using range
+print("\n=== Accessing List with range ===")
+fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange", "grape", "mango"]
+print("Fruits:")
+for i in range(len(fruits)):
+    print(f"  [{i}] {fruits[i]}")
+
+# Reverse iteration through a list
+print("\n=== Reverse List Iteration ===")
+for i in range(len(fruits) - 1, -1, -1):
+    print(fruits[i])
+
+# Skipping elements
+print("\n=== Every Third Element ===")
+numbers = list(range(1, 21))
+print(f"Original: {numbers}")
+print("Every 3rd element:", end=" ")
+for i in range(0, len(numbers), 3):
+    print(numbers[i], end=" ")
+print()
+
+# Creating a number grid
+print("\n=== Number Grid (5×5) ===")
+for row in range(1, 6):
+    for col in range(1, 6):
+        print(f"{row * col:3}", end=" ")
+    print()
+
+# Alphabet using range
+print("\n=== First 10 Letters of Alphabet ===")
+for i in range(ord('A'), ord('A') + 10):
+    print(chr(i), end=" ")
+print()
+
+# Factorial using range
+print("\n=== Factorial of 5 ===")
+num = 5
+factorial = 1
+for i in range(1, num + 1):
+    factorial *= i
+print(f"{num}! = {factorial}")
+
+# Average of numbers
+print("\n=== Average of 1 to 100 ===")
+total = 0
+count = 0
+for num in range(1, 101):
+    total += num
+    count += 1
+average = total / count
+print(f"Sum: {total}")
+print(f"Count: {count}")
+print(f"Average: {average}")
+
+# Nested range example
+print("\n=== Nested Range - Right Triangle ===")
+for i in range(1, 6):
+    for j in range(i):
+        print("*", end="")
+    print()
+
+# Temperature conversion table
+print("\n=== Celsius to Fahrenheit Table ===")
+print(f"{'Celsius':>8} {'Fahrenheit':>10}")
+print("-" * 20)
+for celsius in range(0, 101, 10):
+    fahrenheit = (celsius * 9/5) + 32
+    print(f"{celsius:>8}°C {fahrenheit:>10.1f}°F")
+
+# Finding divisible numbers
+print("\n=== Numbers Divisible by 5 (1-50) ===")
+count = 0
+for num in range(1, 51):
+    if num % 5 == 0:
+        print(num, end=" ")
+        count += 1
+print(f"\nTotal count: {count}")
diff --git a/04_Loops/03_while_loop.py b/04_Loops/03_while_loop.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fffd539
--- /dev/null
+++ b/04_Loops/03_while_loop.py
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+"""
+While Loop in Python
+====================
+This program demonstrates how to use while loops.
+While loops continue until a condition becomes False.
+"""
+
+# Basic while loop
+print("=== Basic While Loop ===")
+count = 0
+while count < 5:
+    print(f"Count: {count}")
+    count += 1
+
+# Counting from 1 to 10
+print("\n=== Counting 1 to 10 ===")
+num = 1
+while num <= 10:
+    print(num, end=" ")
+    num += 1
+print()
+
+# Countdown
+print("\n=== Countdown from 5 ===")
+countdown = 5
+while countdown > 0:
+    print(countdown)
+    countdown -= 1
+print("Blast off! 🚀")
+
+# Sum of numbers until condition
+print("\n=== Sum Until 100 ===")
+total = 0
+num = 1
+while total < 100:
+    total += num
+    num += 1
+print(f"Sum reached: {total}")
+print(f"Last number added: {num - 1}")
+
+# User input validation (simulated)
+print("\n=== Password Attempt (Simulated) ===")
+correct_password = "python123"
+attempts = 0
+max_attempts = 3
+
+# Simulated user inputs
+test_inputs = ["wrong1", "wrong2", "python123"]
+
+while attempts < max_attempts:
+    user_input = test_inputs[attempts] if attempts < len(test_inputs) else "wrong"
+    print(f"Attempt {attempts + 1}: Trying password '{user_input}'")
+    
+    if user_input == correct_password:
+        print("Access granted! ✓")
+        break
+    else:
+        attempts += 1
+        if attempts < max_attempts:
+            print(f"Wrong password. {max_attempts - attempts} attempts remaining.")
+        else:
+            print("Access denied! Too many attempts.")
+
+# While loop with condition
+print("\n=== Doubling Until Limit ===")
+number = 1
+while number < 1000:
+    print(number, end=" ")
+    number *= 2
+print()
+
+# Menu-driven program (simulated)
+print("\n=== Simple Menu (Simulated) ===")
+running = True
+iteration = 0
+simulated_choices = [1, 2, 3]  # Simulated user choices
+
+while running and iteration < len(simulated_choices):
+    choice = simulated_choices[iteration]
+    print(f"\n--- Menu ---")
+    print("1. Say Hello")
+    print("2. Show Date")
+    print("3. Exit")
+    print(f"Choice: {choice}")
+    
+    if choice == 1:
+        print("Hello, User!")
+    elif choice == 2:
+        print("Today is a great day!")
+    elif choice == 3:
+        print("Goodbye!")
+        running = False
+    
+    iteration += 1
+
+# Finding first number divisible by 7
+print("\n=== First Number Divisible by 7 ===")
+num = 50
+while num % 7 != 0:
+    num += 1
+print(f"First number >= 50 divisible by 7: {num}")
+
+# Summing digits
+print("\n=== Sum of Digits ===")
+number = 12345
+original = number
+digit_sum = 0
+
+while number > 0:
+    digit = number % 10
+    digit_sum += digit
+    number //= 10
+
+print(f"Number: {original}")
+print(f"Sum of digits: {digit_sum}")
+
+# Reverse a number
+print("\n=== Reverse a Number ===")
+number = 1234
+original = number
+reversed_num = 0
+
+while number > 0:
+    digit = number % 10
+    reversed_num = reversed_num * 10 + digit
+    number //= 10
+
+print(f"Original: {original}")
+print(f"Reversed: {reversed_num}")
+
+# Guessing game (simulated)
+print("\n=== Number Guessing Game (Simulated) ===")
+secret_number = 7
+guesses = [3, 5, 7]  # Simulated guesses
+guess_count = 0
+found = False
+
+while guess_count < len(guesses) and not found:
+    guess = guesses[guess_count]
+    guess_count += 1
+    print(f"Guess {guess_count}: {guess}")
+    
+    if guess == secret_number:
+        print(f"Correct! You guessed it in {guess_count} attempts!")
+        found = True
+    elif guess < secret_number:
+        print("Too low!")
+    else:
+        print("Too high!")
+
+# Factorial using while loop
+print("\n=== Factorial Using While ===")
+num = 6
+factorial = 1
+temp = num
+
+while temp > 0:
+    factorial *= temp
+    temp -= 1
+
+print(f"{num}! = {factorial}")
+
+# Fibonacci sequence
+print("\n=== Fibonacci Sequence (up to 100) ===")
+a, b = 0, 1
+print(a, end=" ")
+while b <= 100:
+    print(b, end=" ")
+    a, b = b, a + b
+print()
+
+# Collatz sequence
+print("\n=== Collatz Sequence (starting from 10) ===")
+num = 10
+steps = 0
+print(num, end=" ")
+
+while num != 1:
+    if num % 2 == 0:
+        num = num // 2
+    else:
+        num = 3 * num + 1
+    print(num, end=" ")
+    steps += 1
+
+print(f"\nReached 1 in {steps} steps")
+
+# Bank balance simulation
+print("\n=== Bank Balance Simulation ===")
+balance = 1000
+monthly_expense = 150
+months = 0
+
+print(f"Starting balance: ${balance}")
+while balance >= monthly_expense:
+    balance -= monthly_expense
+    months += 1
+    print(f"Month {months}: ${balance}")
+
+print(f"Money lasted {months} months")
+
+# Power of 2 until limit
+print("\n=== Powers of 2 (until > 1000) ===")
+power = 0
+result = 1
+while result <= 1000:
+    print(f"2^{power} = {result}")
+    power += 1
+    result = 2 ** power
diff --git a/04_Loops/04_nested_loops.py b/04_Loops/04_nested_loops.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a18bb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/04_Loops/04_nested_loops.py
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+"""
+Nested Loops in Python
+=======================
+This program demonstrates loops inside loops (nested loops).
+"""
+
+# Basic nested loop
+print("=== Basic Nested Loop ===")
+for i in range(1, 4):
+    for j in range(1, 4):
+        print(f"i={i}, j={j}")
+    print()
+
+# Multiplication table
+print("=== Multiplication Table (1-5) ===")
+for i in range(1, 6):
+    for j in range(1, 6):
+        print(f"{i*j:3}", end=" ")
+    print()
+
+# Complete multiplication table
+print("\n=== Complete Multiplication Table (1-10) ===")
+print("   ", end="")
+for i in range(1, 11):
+    print(f"{i:4}", end="")
+print()
+print("   " + "-" * 40)
+
+for i in range(1, 11):
+    print(f"{i:2} |", end="")
+    for j in range(1, 11):
+        print(f"{i*j:4}", end="")
+    print()
+
+# Star patterns
+print("\n=== Right Triangle Pattern ===")
+for i in range(1, 6):
+    for j in range(i):
+        print("*", end=" ")
+    print()
+
+print("\n=== Inverted Right Triangle ===")
+for i in range(5, 0, -1):
+    for j in range(i):
+        print("*", end=" ")
+    print()
+
+print("\n=== Pyramid Pattern ===")
+n = 5
+for i in range(1, n + 1):
+    # Print spaces
+    for j in range(n - i):
+        print(" ", end="")
+    # Print stars
+    for j in range(2 * i - 1):
+        print("*", end="")
+    print()
+
+print("\n=== Number Triangle ===")
+for i in range(1, 6):
+    for j in range(1, i + 1):
+        print(j, end=" ")
+    print()
+
+print("\n=== Number Pattern ===")
+num = 1
+for i in range(1, 5):
+    for j in range(i):
+        print(num, end=" ")
+        num += 1
+    print()
+
+# Rectangle pattern
+print("\n=== Rectangle Pattern (5×8) ===")
+rows = 5
+cols = 8
+for i in range(rows):
+    for j in range(cols):
+        print("*", end=" ")
+    print()
+
+# Hollow rectangle
+print("\n=== Hollow Rectangle (5×8) ===")
+for i in range(rows):
+    for j in range(cols):
+        if i == 0 or i == rows - 1 or j == 0 or j == cols - 1:
+            print("*", end=" ")
+        else:
+            print(" ", end=" ")
+    print()
+
+# Diamond pattern
+print("\n=== Diamond Pattern ===")
+n = 5
+# Upper half
+for i in range(1, n + 1):
+    for j in range(n - i):
+        print(" ", end="")
+    for j in range(2 * i - 1):
+        print("*", end="")
+    print()
+# Lower half
+for i in range(n - 1, 0, -1):
+    for j in range(n - i):
+        print(" ", end="")
+    for j in range(2 * i - 1):
+        print("*", end="")
+    print()
+
+# Nested loop with lists
+print("\n=== Nested Lists Iteration ===")
+matrix = [
+    [1, 2, 3],
+    [4, 5, 6],
+    [7, 8, 9]
+]
+
+print("Matrix:")
+for row in matrix:
+    for element in row:
+        print(f"{element:3}", end=" ")
+    print()
+
+# Sum of all elements in matrix
+total = 0
+for row in matrix:
+    for element in row:
+        total += element
+print(f"Sum of all elements: {total}")
+
+# Chess board pattern
+print("\n=== Chess Board Pattern (8×8) ===")
+for i in range(8):
+    for j in range(8):
+        if (i + j) % 2 == 0:
+            print("■", end=" ")
+        else:
+            print("□", end=" ")
+    print()
+
+# Times table chart
+print("\n=== Times Table Chart ===")
+for num in range(1, 4):
+    print(f"\nTable of {num}:")
+    for i in range(1, 6):
+        print(f"{num} × {i} = {num * i}")
+
+# Finding all pairs
+print("\n=== All Pairs from Two Lists ===")
+list1 = [1, 2, 3]
+list2 = ['A', 'B', 'C']
+
+for num in list1:
+    for char in list2:
+        print(f"({num}, {char})", end=" ")
+print()
+
+# Matrix addition
+print("\n=== Matrix Addition ===")
+matrix1 = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
+matrix2 = [[7, 8, 9], [10, 11, 12]]
+result = []
+
+print("Matrix 1:")
+for row in matrix1:
+    print(row)
+
+print("\nMatrix 2:")
+for row in matrix2:
+    print(row)
+
+print("\nSum:")
+for i in range(len(matrix1)):
+    row_result = []
+    for j in range(len(matrix1[0])):
+        row_result.append(matrix1[i][j] + matrix2[i][j])
+    result.append(row_result)
+    print(row_result)
+
+# Coordinate system
+print("\n=== Coordinate Grid (5×5) ===")
+for y in range(5, 0, -1):
+    for x in range(1, 6):
+        print(f"({x},{y})", end=" ")
+    print()
+
+# Nested while loops
+print("\n=== Nested While Loops ===")
+i = 1
+while i <= 3:
+    j = 1
+    while j <= 3:
+        print(f"{i}×{j}={i*j}", end="  ")
+        j += 1
+    print()
+    i += 1
+
+# Prime numbers up to n
+print("\n=== Prime Numbers (2-30) ===")
+for num in range(2, 31):
+    is_prime = True
+    for i in range(2, int(num ** 0.5) + 1):
+        if num % i == 0:
+            is_prime = False
+            break
+    if is_prime:
+        print(num, end=" ")
+print()
diff --git a/04_Loops/05_loop_control.py b/04_Loops/05_loop_control.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f52273
--- /dev/null
+++ b/04_Loops/05_loop_control.py
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+"""
+Loop Control Statements in Python
+==================================
+This program demonstrates break, continue, and pass statements.
+"""
+
+# break statement - exits the loop immediately
+print("=== BREAK Statement ===")
+print("Finding first number divisible by 7:")
+for num in range(1, 20):
+    if num % 7 == 0:
+        print(f"Found: {num}")
+        break  # Exit loop when found
+    print(f"Checking: {num}")
+
+# break in while loop
+print("\n=== BREAK in While Loop ===")
+count = 0
+while True:  # Infinite loop
+    count += 1
+    print(f"Count: {count}")
+    if count >= 5:
+        print("Limit reached!")
+        break  # Exit the infinite loop
+
+# Search in a list
+print("\n=== Searching in a List ===")
+names = ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie", "Diana", "Eve"]
+search_name = "Charlie"
+
+for name in names:
+    if name == search_name:
+        print(f"Found '{search_name}'!")
+        break
+else:
+    # This runs only if break was NOT called
+    print(f"'{search_name}' not found")
+
+# continue statement - skips current iteration
+print("\n=== CONTINUE Statement ===")
+print("Printing odd numbers (1-10):")
+for num in range(1, 11):
+    if num % 2 == 0:
+        continue  # Skip even numbers
+    print(num, end=" ")
+print()
+
+# Skip specific values
+print("\n=== Skipping Specific Values ===")
+for i in range(1, 11):
+    if i == 5:
+        continue  # Skip 5
+    print(i, end=" ")
+print()
+
+# Filtering with continue
+print("\n=== Filtering Positive Numbers ===")
+numbers = [12, -5, 8, -3, 15, -7, 20]
+print(f"Original list: {numbers}")
+print("Positive numbers:", end=" ")
+for num in numbers:
+    if num < 0:
+        continue  # Skip negative numbers
+    print(num, end=" ")
+print()
+
+# pass statement - does nothing (placeholder)
+print("\n=== PASS Statement ===")
+for i in range(5):
+    if i == 2:
+        pass  # Placeholder - do nothing special
+    print(f"Number: {i}")
+
+# Using pass in functions (placeholder for future code)
+print("\n=== Pass in Function Definition ===")
+def future_feature():
+    pass  # Will implement later
+
+future_feature()
+print("Function with pass executed (did nothing)")
+
+# Pass in exception handling
+print("\n=== Pass in Exception Handling ===")
+numbers = [1, 2, 0, 4, 5]
+for num in numbers:
+    try:
+        result = 10 / num
+        print(f"10 / {num} = {result}")
+    except ZeroDivisionError:
+        pass  # Ignore division by zero
+
+# break with nested loops
+print("\n=== Break in Nested Loops ===")
+print("Finding first pair that multiplies to 20:")
+found = False
+for i in range(1, 10):
+    for j in range(1, 10):
+        if i * j == 20:
+            print(f"Found: {i} × {j} = 20")
+            found = True
+            break
+    if found:
+        break  # Break outer loop too
+
+# continue in nested loops
+print("\n=== Continue in Nested Loops ===")
+print("Multiplication table skipping multiples of 5:")
+for i in range(1, 6):
+    for j in range(1, 6):
+        product = i * j
+        if product % 5 == 0:
+            continue  # Skip multiples of 5
+        print(f"{i}×{j}={product}", end="  ")
+    print()
+
+# for-else and while-else
+print("\n=== for-else Statement ===")
+numbers = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
+for num in numbers:
+    if num % 2 != 0:
+        print(f"Found odd number: {num}")
+        break
+else:
+    # Executes only if loop completed without break
+    print("All numbers are even!")
+
+# while-else example
+print("\n=== while-else Statement ===")
+count = 0
+while count < 5:
+    print(count, end=" ")
+    count += 1
+else:
+    # Executes when while condition becomes False
+    print("\nLoop completed normally!")
+
+# Practical: Password validator
+print("\n=== Password Validator ===")
+passwords = ["pass", "python123", "short", "validpass"]
+min_length = 8
+
+for password in passwords:
+    if len(password) < min_length:
+        print(f"'{password}' - Too short, skipped")
+        continue
+    if "admin" in password:
+        print(f"'{password}' - Contains 'admin', rejected")
+        break
+    print(f"'{password}' - Valid!")
+
+# Filtering and processing
+print("\n=== Processing Scores ===")
+scores = [45, 78, 92, 34, 88, 55, 67]
+print(f"Original scores: {scores}")
+print("\nProcessing:")
+for score in scores:
+    if score < 50:
+        print(f"  {score} - Failed (skipping)")
+        continue
+    if score >= 90:
+        print(f"  {score} - Excellent!")
+    elif score >= 70:
+        print(f"  {score} - Good")
+    else:
+        print(f"  {score} - Pass")
+
+# Menu with break
+print("\n=== Menu System (Simulated) ===")
+menu_choices = [1, 2, 4, 3]  # Simulated inputs
+
+for choice in menu_choices:
+    print(f"\n--- Menu ---")
+    print("1. View Profile")
+    print("2. Edit Profile")
+    print("3. Exit")
+    print(f"Choice: {choice}")
+    
+    if choice == 1:
+        print("Viewing profile...")
+    elif choice == 2:
+        print("Editing profile...")
+    elif choice == 3:
+        print("Exiting...")
+        break
+    else:
+        print("Invalid choice, try again")
+        continue
+
+# Skip printing specific characters
+print("\n=== Skipping Vowels ===")
+text = "Hello World"
+print(f"Original: {text}")
+print("Without vowels: ", end="")
+for char in text:
+    if char.lower() in 'aeiou':
+        continue
+    print(char, end="")
+print()
+
+# Finding and stopping
+print("\n=== Finding Negative Number ===")
+numbers = [10, 20, -5, 30, 40]
+for i, num in enumerate(numbers):
+    if num < 0:
+        print(f"First negative number at index {i}: {num}")
+        break
+else:
+    print("No negative numbers found")
diff --git a/04_Loops/06_practical_examples.py b/04_Loops/06_practical_examples.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35851e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/04_Loops/06_practical_examples.py
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+"""
+Practical Loop Examples
+========================
+This program contains real-world applications of loops.
+"""
+
+# Example 1: Grade Calculator for Multiple Students
+print("=== GRADE CALCULATOR ===")
+students = [
+    {"name": "Alice", "marks": 85},
+    {"name": "Bob", "marks": 92},
+    {"name": "Charlie", "marks": 78},
+    {"name": "Diana", "marks": 65},
+    {"name": "Eve", "marks": 45}
+]
+
+print(f"{'Name':<12} {'Marks':<8} {'Grade':<8} {'Status'}")
+print("-" * 40)
+
+for student in students:
+    marks = student["marks"]
+    
+    if marks >= 90:
+        grade = "A"
+    elif marks >= 80:
+        grade = "B"
+    elif marks >= 70:
+        grade = "C"
+    elif marks >= 60:
+        grade = "D"
+    elif marks >= 50:
+        grade = "E"
+    else:
+        grade = "F"
+    
+    status = "Pass" if marks >= 50 else "Fail"
+    print(f"{student['name']:<12} {marks:<8} {grade:<8} {status}")
+
+# Example 2: Shopping Cart Total
+print("\n=== SHOPPING CART ===")
+cart = [
+    {"item": "Laptop", "price": 899.99, "quantity": 1},
+    {"item": "Mouse", "price": 25.50, "quantity": 2},
+    {"item": "Keyboard", "price": 75.00, "quantity": 1},
+    {"item": "USB Cable", "price": 10.99, "quantity": 3}
+]
+
+print(f"{'Item':<15} {'Price':<10} {'Qty':<5} {'Total'}")
+print("-" * 40)
+
+subtotal = 0
+for item in cart:
+    item_total = item["price"] * item["quantity"]
+    subtotal += item_total
+    print(f"{item['item']:<15} ${item['price']:<9.2f} {item['quantity']:<5} ${item_total:.2f}")
+
+tax = subtotal * 0.08  # 8% tax
+total = subtotal + tax
+
+print("-" * 40)
+print(f"{'Subtotal:':<30} ${subtotal:.2f}")
+print(f"{'Tax (8%):':<30} ${tax:.2f}")
+print(f"{'Total:':<30} ${total:.2f}")
+
+# Example 3: Attendance Tracker
+print("\n=== ATTENDANCE TRACKER ===")
+attendance = {
+    "Monday": True,
+    "Tuesday": True,
+    "Wednesday": False,
+    "Thursday": True,
+    "Friday": False
+}
+
+present_days = 0
+total_days = 0
+
+for day, status in attendance.items():
+    total_days += 1
+    if status:
+        present_days += 1
+        print(f"{day:<10} - Present ✓")
+    else:
+        print(f"{day:<10} - Absent ✗")
+
+percentage = (present_days / total_days) * 100
+print(f"\nAttendance: {present_days}/{total_days} days ({percentage:.1f}%)")
+
+if percentage >= 75:
+    print("Status: Good attendance! ✓")
+else:
+    print("Status: Low attendance! ✗")
+
+# Example 4: Password Generator
+print("\n=== SIMPLE PASSWORD GENERATOR ===")
+import random
+random.seed(42)  # For consistent output
+
+lowercase = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+uppercase = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+digits = "0123456789"
+symbols = "!@#$%^&*"
+
+all_chars = lowercase + uppercase + digits + symbols
+password_length = 12
+
+password = ""
+for i in range(password_length):
+    password += random.choice(all_chars)
+
+print(f"Generated password: {password}")
+
+# Example 5: Prime Number Finder
+print("\n=== PRIME NUMBERS (2-50) ===")
+primes = []
+
+for num in range(2, 51):
+    is_prime = True
+    for i in range(2, int(num ** 0.5) + 1):
+        if num % i == 0:
+            is_prime = False
+            break
+    if is_prime:
+        primes.append(num)
+
+print("Prime numbers:", primes)
+print(f"Count: {len(primes)}")
+
+# Example 6: Word Frequency Counter
+print("\n=== WORD FREQUENCY COUNTER ===")
+text = "python is great and python is powerful python is easy"
+words = text.split()
+word_count = {}
+
+for word in words:
+    if word in word_count:
+        word_count[word] += 1
+    else:
+        word_count[word] = 1
+
+print("Word frequencies:")
+for word, count in word_count.items():
+    print(f"  '{word}': {count}")
+
+# Example 7: Fibonacci Sequence Generator
+print("\n=== FIBONACCI SEQUENCE (first 15 terms) ===")
+n = 15
+fib = [0, 1]
+
+for i in range(2, n):
+    next_num = fib[i-1] + fib[i-2]
+    fib.append(next_num)
+
+print("Fibonacci sequence:")
+for i, num in enumerate(fib):
+    print(f"F({i}) = {num}")
+
+# Example 8: Temperature Converter
+print("\n=== TEMPERATURE CONVERSION TABLE ===")
+print(f"{'Celsius':>8} {'Fahrenheit':>12} {'Kelvin':>10}")
+print("-" * 32)
+
+for celsius in range(0, 101, 10):
+    fahrenheit = (celsius * 9/5) + 32
+    kelvin = celsius + 273.15
+    print(f"{celsius:>8}°C {fahrenheit:>11.1f}°F {kelvin:>9.2f}K")
+
+# Example 9: Pattern Matcher
+print("\n=== EMAIL VALIDATOR ===")
+emails = [
+    "user@example.com",
+    "invalid.email",
+    "test@domain.org",
+    "no-at-sign.com",
+    "valid@test.co"
+]
+
+valid_count = 0
+for email in emails:
+    if "@" in email and "." in email.split("@")[1]:
+        print(f"✓ {email} - Valid")
+        valid_count += 1
+    else:
+        print(f"✗ {email} - Invalid")
+
+print(f"\nValid emails: {valid_count}/{len(emails)}")
+
+# Example 10: Sum and Average Calculator
+print("\n=== STATISTICS CALCULATOR ===")
+numbers = [45, 67, 23, 89, 12, 56, 78, 34, 91, 25]
+
+total_sum = 0
+count = 0
+maximum = numbers[0]
+minimum = numbers[0]
+
+for num in numbers:
+    total_sum += num
+    count += 1
+    if num > maximum:
+        maximum = num
+    if num < minimum:
+        minimum = num
+
+average = total_sum / count
+
+print(f"Numbers: {numbers}")
+print(f"Count: {count}")
+print(f"Sum: {total_sum}")
+print(f"Average: {average:.2f}")
+print(f"Maximum: {maximum}")
+print(f"Minimum: {minimum}")
+print(f"Range: {maximum - minimum}")
+
+# Example 11: Character Counter
+print("\n=== CHARACTER STATISTICS ===")
+text = "Hello, Python World!"
+vowels = "aeiouAEIOU"
+consonants = "bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyzBCDFGHJKLMNPQRSTVWXYZ"
+
+vowel_count = 0
+consonant_count = 0
+digit_count = 0
+space_count = 0
+special_count = 0
+
+for char in text:
+    if char in vowels:
+        vowel_count += 1
+    elif char in consonants:
+        consonant_count += 1
+    elif char.isdigit():
+        digit_count += 1
+    elif char.isspace():
+        space_count += 1
+    else:
+        special_count += 1
+
+print(f"Text: '{text}'")
+print(f"Vowels: {vowel_count}")
+print(f"Consonants: {consonant_count}")
+print(f"Digits: {digit_count}")
+print(f"Spaces: {space_count}")
+print(f"Special characters: {special_count}")
+print(f"Total characters: {len(text)}")
+
+# Example 12: Simple Progress Bar
+print("\n=== PROGRESS BAR SIMULATION ===")
+total_tasks = 20
+for i in range(total_tasks + 1):
+    percentage = (i / total_tasks) * 100
+    filled = int(percentage / 5)
+    bar = "█" * filled + "-" * (20 - filled)
+    # Showing progress at key milestones for better performance
+    if i % 5 == 0 or i == total_tasks:
+        print(f"Progress: [{bar}] {percentage:.0f}%")
+print("Complete!")
diff --git a/04_Loops/README.md b/04_Loops/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19c3fd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/04_Loops/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# Loops in Python 🔁
+
+## What are Loops?
+
+Loops allow you to repeat a block of code multiple times. Instead of writing the same code again and again, you can use loops to automate repetitive tasks.
+
+## Types of Loops in Python
+
+### 1. **for Loop**
+Used when you know how many times you want to repeat something
+```python
+for i in range(5):
+    print(i)
+```
+
+### 2. **while Loop**
+Used when you want to repeat until a condition becomes False
+```python
+count = 0
+while count < 5:
+    print(count)
+    count += 1
+```
+
+## Loop Control Statements
+
+- **break**: Exit the loop immediately
+- **continue**: Skip the current iteration and move to the next
+- **pass**: Do nothing (placeholder)
+
+## Common Loop Patterns
+
+### Range Function
+```python
+range(5)        # 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
+range(1, 6)     # 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
+range(0, 10, 2) # 0, 2, 4, 6, 8
+```
+
+### Looping Through Collections
+```python
+# List
+for item in [1, 2, 3]:
+    print(item)
+
+# String
+for char in "hello":
+    print(char)
+```
+
+## Examples in This Folder
+
+1. **01_basic_for_loop.py** - Introduction to for loops
+2. **02_range_function.py** - Using range() function
+3. **03_while_loop.py** - Understanding while loops
+4. **04_nested_loops.py** - Loops inside loops
+5. **05_loop_control.py** - break, continue, pass statements
+6. **06_practical_examples.py** - Real-world loop applications
+
+## Tips for Beginners
+
+- Use **for loops** when you know the number of iterations
+- Use **while loops** when the number of iterations depends on a condition
+- Always make sure while loops have a way to end (avoid infinite loops)
+- Use meaningful variable names in loops (instead of just `i`)
+- Remember proper indentation!
+
+## Practice
+
+Try modifying the loop ranges and conditions to see different outputs!
diff --git a/05_Functions/01_basic_functions.py b/05_Functions/01_basic_functions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53ebc83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/05_Functions/01_basic_functions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+"""
+Basic Functions in Python
+==========================
+This program demonstrates how to create and use functions.
+"""
+
+# Simple function without parameters
+def greet():
+    """Prints a greeting message"""
+    print("Hello, World!")
+
+print("=== Simple Function ===")
+greet()  # Call the function
+
+# Function called multiple times
+print("\n=== Calling Function Multiple Times ===")
+def say_hello():
+    print("Hello!")
+
+say_hello()
+say_hello()
+say_hello()
+
+# Function with a parameter
+print("\n=== Function with Parameter ===")
+def greet_person(name):
+    """Greets a person by name"""
+    print(f"Hello, {name}!")
+
+greet_person("Alice")
+greet_person("Bob")
+greet_person("Charlie")
+
+# Function with multiple parameters
+print("\n=== Multiple Parameters ===")
+def introduce(name, age):
+    """Introduces a person with name and age"""
+    print(f"My name is {name} and I am {age} years old.")
+
+introduce("Alice", 20)
+introduce("Bob", 22)
+
+# Function with calculation
+print("\n=== Function with Calculation ===")
+def calculate_square(number):
+    """Calculates the square of a number"""
+    square = number ** 2
+    print(f"The square of {number} is {square}")
+
+calculate_square(5)
+calculate_square(10)
+calculate_square(7)
+
+# Function that prints a pattern
+print("\n=== Function for Pattern ===")
+def print_stars(count):
+    """Prints a line of stars"""
+    print("*" * count)
+
+print_stars(5)
+print_stars(10)
+print_stars(3)
+
+# Function with return value
+print("\n=== Function with Return ===")
+def add_numbers(a, b):
+    """Returns the sum of two numbers"""
+    return a + b
+
+result1 = add_numbers(5, 3)
+result2 = add_numbers(10, 20)
+
+print(f"5 + 3 = {result1}")
+print(f"10 + 20 = {result2}")
+
+# Using return value in expressions
+total = add_numbers(15, 25) + add_numbers(10, 5)
+print(f"(15 + 25) + (10 + 5) = {total}")
+
+# Function with multiple operations
+print("\n=== Calculator Functions ===")
+def add(a, b):
+    return a + b
+
+def subtract(a, b):
+    return a - b
+
+def multiply(a, b):
+    return a * b
+
+def divide(a, b):
+    if b != 0:
+        return a / b
+    else:
+        return "Cannot divide by zero"
+
+x, y = 10, 5
+print(f"{x} + {y} = {add(x, y)}")
+print(f"{x} - {y} = {subtract(x, y)}")
+print(f"{x} * {y} = {multiply(x, y)}")
+print(f"{x} / {y} = {divide(x, y)}")
+
+# Function with conditional logic
+print("\n=== Function with Conditions ===")
+def check_even_odd(number):
+    """Checks if a number is even or odd"""
+    if number % 2 == 0:
+        return "Even"
+    else:
+        return "Odd"
+
+print(f"7 is {check_even_odd(7)}")
+print(f"10 is {check_even_odd(10)}")
+print(f"15 is {check_even_odd(15)}")
+
+# Function with loop
+print("\n=== Function with Loop ===")
+def print_numbers(n):
+    """Prints numbers from 1 to n"""
+    for i in range(1, n + 1):
+        print(i, end=" ")
+    print()
+
+print("Numbers 1 to 5:")
+print_numbers(5)
+print("Numbers 1 to 10:")
+print_numbers(10)
+
+# Function returning maximum
+print("\n=== Finding Maximum ===")
+def find_max(a, b):
+    """Returns the larger of two numbers"""
+    if a > b:
+        return a
+    else:
+        return b
+
+print(f"Max of 15 and 20: {find_max(15, 20)}")
+print(f"Max of 50 and 30: {find_max(50, 30)}")
+
+# Function with list parameter
+print("\n=== Function with List ===")
+def print_list(items):
+    """Prints all items in a list"""
+    for item in items:
+        print(f"  - {item}")
+
+fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]
+print("Fruits:")
+print_list(fruits)
+
+numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+print("\nNumbers:")
+print_list(numbers)
+
+# Function returning sum of list
+print("\n=== Sum of List ===")
+def calculate_sum(numbers):
+    """Returns the sum of numbers in a list"""
+    total = 0
+    for num in numbers:
+        total += num
+    return total
+
+my_numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
+print(f"Numbers: {my_numbers}")
+print(f"Sum: {calculate_sum(my_numbers)}")
+
+# Docstrings
+print("\n=== Function Docstrings ===")
+def example_function(param):
+    """
+    This is a docstring.
+    It explains what the function does.
+    
+    Parameters:
+        param: Description of parameter
+    
+    Returns:
+        Description of return value
+    """
+    return param * 2
+
+print("Function name:", example_function.__name__)
+print("Function docstring:", example_function.__doc__)
+
+# Multiple functions working together
+print("\n=== Functions Working Together ===")
+def celsius_to_fahrenheit(celsius):
+    """Converts Celsius to Fahrenheit"""
+    return (celsius * 9/5) + 32
+
+def fahrenheit_to_celsius(fahrenheit):
+    """Converts Fahrenheit to Celsius"""
+    return (fahrenheit - 32) * 5/9
+
+temp_c = 25
+temp_f = celsius_to_fahrenheit(temp_c)
+print(f"{temp_c}°C = {temp_f}°F")
+
+temp_f = 77
+temp_c = fahrenheit_to_celsius(temp_f)
+print(f"{temp_f}°F = {temp_c}°C")
diff --git a/05_Functions/02_parameters_arguments.py b/05_Functions/02_parameters_arguments.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e249bc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/05_Functions/02_parameters_arguments.py
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+"""
+Parameters and Arguments in Python
+===================================
+This program demonstrates different ways to pass arguments to functions.
+"""
+
+# Positional arguments - order matters
+print("=== Positional Arguments ===")
+def introduce(name, age, city):
+    print(f"I am {name}, {age} years old, from {city}")
+
+introduce("Alice", 20, "New York")
+introduce("Bob", 22, "London")
+
+# Keyword arguments - order doesn't matter
+print("\n=== Keyword Arguments ===")
+introduce(age=25, name="Charlie", city="Paris")
+introduce(city="Tokyo", age=30, name="Diana")
+
+# Mixing positional and keyword arguments
+print("\n=== Mixed Arguments ===")
+introduce("Eve", age=28, city="Berlin")
+# introduce(name="Frank", 35, "Rome")  # Error: positional after keyword
+
+# Default parameters
+print("\n=== Default Parameters ===")
+def greet(name, message="Hello"):
+    print(f"{message}, {name}!")
+
+greet("Alice")                    # Uses default message
+greet("Bob", "Hi")               # Custom message
+greet("Charlie", message="Hey")  # Keyword argument
+
+# Multiple default parameters
+print("\n=== Multiple Defaults ===")
+def create_profile(name, age=18, country="USA"):
+    print(f"Name: {name}, Age: {age}, Country: {country}")
+
+create_profile("Alice")
+create_profile("Bob", 25)
+create_profile("Charlie", 30, "Canada")
+create_profile("Diana", country="UK")
+
+# Function with calculations
+print("\n=== Area Calculations ===")
+def calculate_rectangle_area(length, width):
+    """Calculate area of rectangle"""
+    area = length * width
+    return area
+
+def calculate_circle_area(radius, pi=3.14159):
+    """Calculate area of circle"""
+    area = pi * radius ** 2
+    return area
+
+rect_area = calculate_rectangle_area(5, 3)
+print(f"Rectangle (5×3) area: {rect_area}")
+
+circle_area = calculate_circle_area(7)
+print(f"Circle (radius 7) area: {circle_area:.2f}")
+
+circle_area_precise = calculate_circle_area(7, pi=3.14159265359)
+print(f"Circle (precise) area: {circle_area_precise:.2f}")
+
+# Variable number of arguments (*args)
+print("\n=== Variable Arguments (*args) ===")
+def sum_all(*numbers):
+    """Sum any number of arguments"""
+    total = 0
+    for num in numbers:
+        total += num
+    return total
+
+print(f"Sum of 1, 2, 3: {sum_all(1, 2, 3)}")
+print(f"Sum of 10, 20, 30, 40: {sum_all(10, 20, 30, 40)}")
+print(f"Sum of 5: {sum_all(5)}")
+
+# *args with other parameters
+print("\n=== *args with Regular Parameters ===")
+def make_sentence(prefix, *words):
+    """Creates a sentence with a prefix"""
+    sentence = prefix + " " + " ".join(words)
+    return sentence
+
+print(make_sentence("Hello:", "Python", "is", "awesome"))
+print(make_sentence("I", "love", "programming"))
+
+# Keyword arguments (**kwargs)
+print("\n=== Keyword Arguments (**kwargs) ===")
+def print_info(**info):
+    """Print key-value pairs"""
+    for key, value in info.items():
+        print(f"{key}: {value}")
+
+print("Student Info:")
+print_info(name="Alice", age=20, grade="A", city="New York")
+
+print("\nBook Info:")
+print_info(title="Python Guide", author="John Doe", year=2024)
+
+# Combining *args and **kwargs
+print("\n=== Combining *args and **kwargs ===")
+def flexible_function(*args, **kwargs):
+    """Accepts any number of positional and keyword arguments"""
+    print("Positional arguments:")
+    for i, arg in enumerate(args, 1):
+        print(f"  {i}. {arg}")
+    
+    print("Keyword arguments:")
+    for key, value in kwargs.items():
+        print(f"  {key} = {value}")
+
+flexible_function(1, 2, 3, name="Alice", age=20)
+
+# Practical: Student grade calculator
+print("\n=== Student Grade Calculator ===")
+def calculate_grade(name, *scores, bonus=0):
+    """Calculate average grade with optional bonus"""
+    if len(scores) == 0:
+        return f"{name}: No scores provided"
+    
+    average = sum(scores) / len(scores) + bonus
+    return f"{name}: Average = {average:.2f}"
+
+print(calculate_grade("Alice", 85, 90, 88))
+print(calculate_grade("Bob", 75, 80, 70, bonus=5))
+print(calculate_grade("Charlie", 95, 92, 98, 90))
+
+# Function with list as parameter
+print("\n=== List as Parameter ===")
+def find_max_min(numbers):
+    """Find maximum and minimum in a list"""
+    if not numbers:
+        return None, None
+    return max(numbers), min(numbers)
+
+nums = [45, 23, 67, 89, 12, 34]
+maximum, minimum = find_max_min(nums)
+print(f"Numbers: {nums}")
+print(f"Max: {maximum}, Min: {minimum}")
+
+# Mutable default argument (be careful!)
+print("\n=== Mutable Default Arguments ===")
+def add_item(item, items=None):
+    """Correct way to handle mutable defaults"""
+    if items is None:
+        items = []
+    items.append(item)
+    return items
+
+list1 = add_item("apple")
+list2 = add_item("banana")
+print(f"List 1: {list1}")
+print(f"List 2: {list2}")
+
+# Type hints (Python 3.5+)
+print("\n=== Type Hints (Optional) ===")
+def greet_with_types(name: str, age: int) -> str:
+    """Function with type hints"""
+    return f"Hello {name}, you are {age} years old"
+
+result = greet_with_types("Alice", 20)
+print(result)
+
+# Practical: Format name
+print("\n=== Name Formatter ===")
+def format_name(first, last, middle=""):
+    """Format a person's name"""
+    if middle:
+        return f"{first} {middle} {last}"
+    return f"{first} {last}"
+
+print(format_name("John", "Doe"))
+print(format_name("John", "Doe", "Paul"))
+print(format_name("John", "Doe", middle="Smith"))
+
+# Unpacking arguments
+print("\n=== Unpacking Arguments ===")
+def display_coordinates(x, y, z):
+    print(f"Coordinates: ({x}, {y}, {z})")
+
+coords = [10, 20, 30]
+display_coordinates(*coords)  # Unpacking list
+
+point = {"x": 5, "y": 15, "z": 25}
+display_coordinates(**point)  # Unpacking dictionary
diff --git a/05_Functions/03_return_values.py b/05_Functions/03_return_values.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d67316
--- /dev/null
+++ b/05_Functions/03_return_values.py
@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+"""
+Return Values in Python Functions
+==================================
+This program demonstrates different ways functions can return values.
+"""
+
+# Simple return
+print("=== Simple Return ===")
+def square(number):
+    """Returns the square of a number"""
+    return number ** 2
+
+result = square(5)
+print(f"Square of 5: {result}")
+print(f"Square of 8: {square(8)}")
+
+# Return with conditional
+print("\n=== Return with Conditional ===")
+def absolute_value(number):
+    """Returns absolute value of a number"""
+    if number < 0:
+        return -number
+    return number
+
+print(f"Absolute of -5: {absolute_value(-5)}")
+print(f"Absolute of 10: {absolute_value(10)}")
+
+# Multiple return statements
+print("\n=== Multiple Returns ===")
+def grade_to_points(grade):
+    """Convert letter grade to points"""
+    if grade == "A":
+        return 4.0
+    elif grade == "B":
+        return 3.0
+    elif grade == "C":
+        return 2.0
+    elif grade == "D":
+        return 1.0
+    else:
+        return 0.0
+
+print(f"Grade A: {grade_to_points('A')} points")
+print(f"Grade B: {grade_to_points('B')} points")
+print(f"Grade F: {grade_to_points('F')} points")
+
+# Returning multiple values (tuple)
+print("\n=== Returning Multiple Values ===")
+def get_circle_properties(radius):
+    """Returns area and circumference of a circle"""
+    pi = 3.14159
+    area = pi * radius ** 2
+    circumference = 2 * pi * radius
+    return area, circumference  # Returns a tuple
+
+area, circumference = get_circle_properties(5)
+print(f"Circle with radius 5:")
+print(f"  Area: {area:.2f}")
+print(f"  Circumference: {circumference:.2f}")
+
+# Returning a list
+print("\n=== Returning a List ===")
+def get_multiples(number, count):
+    """Returns first 'count' multiples of number"""
+    multiples = []
+    for i in range(1, count + 1):
+        multiples.append(number * i)
+    return multiples
+
+result = get_multiples(5, 10)
+print(f"First 10 multiples of 5: {result}")
+
+# Returning a dictionary
+print("\n=== Returning a Dictionary ===")
+def get_student_info(name, age, grade):
+    """Returns student information as a dictionary"""
+    return {
+        "name": name,
+        "age": age,
+        "grade": grade,
+        "status": "Pass" if grade != "F" else "Fail"
+    }
+
+student = get_student_info("Alice", 20, "A")
+print(f"Student: {student}")
+
+# Return None (implicitly)
+print("\n=== Return None ===")
+def print_message(text):
+    """Prints message but doesn't return anything"""
+    print(f"Message: {text}")
+    # No return statement means returns None
+
+result = print_message("Hello")
+print(f"Return value: {result}")
+
+# Explicit return None
+def check_positive(number):
+    """Returns number if positive, None otherwise"""
+    if number > 0:
+        return number
+    return None
+
+print(f"Check 5: {check_positive(5)}")
+print(f"Check -3: {check_positive(-3)}")
+
+# Early return
+print("\n=== Early Return ===")
+def divide(a, b):
+    """Divides a by b with error checking"""
+    if b == 0:
+        return "Error: Division by zero"
+    return a / b
+
+print(f"10 / 2 = {divide(10, 2)}")
+print(f"10 / 0 = {divide(10, 0)}")
+
+# Returning boolean
+print("\n=== Returning Boolean ===")
+def is_even(number):
+    """Returns True if number is even"""
+    return number % 2 == 0
+
+def is_prime(n):
+    """Returns True if number is prime"""
+    if n < 2:
+        return False
+    for i in range(2, int(n ** 0.5) + 1):
+        if n % i == 0:
+            return False
+    return True
+
+print(f"Is 10 even? {is_even(10)}")
+print(f"Is 7 even? {is_even(7)}")
+print(f"Is 17 prime? {is_prime(17)}")
+print(f"Is 20 prime? {is_prime(20)}")
+
+# Using return value in conditions
+print("\n=== Using Return in Conditions ===")
+def check_password(password):
+    """Validates password strength"""
+    if len(password) < 8:
+        return False, "Too short"
+    if not any(c.isdigit() for c in password):
+        return False, "Needs a number"
+    if not any(c.isupper() for c in password):
+        return False, "Needs uppercase"
+    return True, "Strong password"
+
+passwords = ["short", "longpassword", "LongPassword1"]
+for pwd in passwords:
+    valid, message = check_password(pwd)
+    status = "✓" if valid else "✗"
+    print(f"{status} '{pwd}': {message}")
+
+# Chaining function calls
+print("\n=== Chaining Functions ===")
+def double(x):
+    return x * 2
+
+def add_ten(x):
+    return x + 10
+
+number = 5
+result = add_ten(double(number))  # double(5) = 10, then add_ten(10) = 20
+print(f"double({number}) + 10 = {result}")
+
+# Returning calculation results
+print("\n=== Statistics Calculator ===")
+def calculate_stats(numbers):
+    """Returns multiple statistics"""
+    total = sum(numbers)
+    count = len(numbers)
+    average = total / count if count > 0 else 0
+    maximum = max(numbers) if numbers else None
+    minimum = min(numbers) if numbers else None
+    
+    return {
+        "sum": total,
+        "count": count,
+        "average": average,
+        "max": maximum,
+        "min": minimum
+    }
+
+nums = [45, 67, 23, 89, 12, 56]
+stats = calculate_stats(nums)
+print(f"Numbers: {nums}")
+print(f"Statistics: {stats}")
+
+# Practical: Grade calculator
+print("\n=== Grade Calculator ===")
+def calculate_final_grade(*scores):
+    """Calculate average and assign letter grade"""
+    if not scores:
+        return None, "No scores"
+    
+    average = sum(scores) / len(scores)
+    
+    if average >= 90:
+        letter = "A"
+    elif average >= 80:
+        letter = "B"
+    elif average >= 70:
+        letter = "C"
+    elif average >= 60:
+        letter = "D"
+    else:
+        letter = "F"
+    
+    return average, letter
+
+avg, grade = calculate_final_grade(85, 90, 88, 92)
+print(f"Average: {avg:.2f}, Grade: {grade}")
+
+# Returning nested structures
+print("\n=== Returning Nested Structures ===")
+def analyze_text(text):
+    """Analyzes text and returns detailed statistics"""
+    words = text.split()
+    return {
+        "char_count": len(text),
+        "word_count": len(words),
+        "words": {
+            "first": words[0] if words else None,
+            "last": words[-1] if words else None,
+            "longest": max(words, key=len) if words else None
+        }
+    }
+
+text = "Python programming is fun and powerful"
+analysis = analyze_text(text)
+print(f"Text: '{text}'")
+print(f"Analysis: {analysis}")
+
+# Lambda with return
+print("\n=== Lambda Functions (Inline Returns) ===")
+square_lambda = lambda x: x ** 2
+add_lambda = lambda a, b: a + b
+max_lambda = lambda a, b: a if a > b else b
+
+print(f"Square of 6: {square_lambda(6)}")
+print(f"Add 3 + 7: {add_lambda(3, 7)}")
+print(f"Max of 15, 10: {max_lambda(15, 10)}")
diff --git a/05_Functions/04_scope.py b/05_Functions/04_scope.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d596c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/05_Functions/04_scope.py
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+"""
+Variable Scope in Python
+=========================
+This program demonstrates local and global variable scope.
+"""
+
+# Global variable
+global_var = "I am global"
+
+print("=== Global Variable ===")
+def show_global():
+    """Access global variable"""
+    print(f"Inside function: {global_var}")
+
+print(f"Outside function: {global_var}")
+show_global()
+
+# Local variable
+print("\n=== Local Variable ===")
+def show_local():
+    """Create and use local variable"""
+    local_var = "I am local"
+    print(f"Inside function: {local_var}")
+
+show_local()
+# print(local_var)  # Error: local_var not defined outside function
+
+# Local vs Global with same name
+print("\n=== Local vs Global with Same Name ===")
+x = "global x"
+
+def test_scope():
+    x = "local x"  # This is a different variable
+    print(f"Inside function: {x}")
+
+print(f"Before function: {x}")
+test_scope()
+print(f"After function: {x}")  # Global x unchanged
+
+# Using global keyword
+print("\n=== Modifying Global Variable ===")
+counter = 0
+
+def increment():
+    global counter  # Declare we want to use global variable
+    counter += 1
+    print(f"Counter inside: {counter}")
+
+print(f"Initial counter: {counter}")
+increment()
+increment()
+increment()
+print(f"Final counter: {counter}")
+
+# Multiple global variables
+print("\n=== Multiple Global Variables ===")
+name = "Alice"
+age = 20
+
+def update_info():
+    global name, age
+    name = "Bob"
+    age = 25
+    print(f"Updated: {name}, {age}")
+
+print(f"Before: {name}, {age}")
+update_info()
+print(f"After: {name}, {age}")
+
+# Function parameters are local
+print("\n=== Parameters are Local ===")
+def greet(name):
+    """Parameter 'name' is local to this function"""
+    name = name.upper()  # Modifies local copy
+    print(f"Inside: {name}")
+
+person = "alice"
+print(f"Before: {person}")
+greet(person)
+print(f"After: {person}")  # Unchanged
+
+# Nested function scope
+print("\n=== Nested Function Scope ===")
+def outer():
+    outer_var = "I'm in outer"
+    
+    def inner():
+        # Can access outer function's variables
+        print(f"Inner accessing: {outer_var}")
+    
+    print(f"Outer: {outer_var}")
+    inner()
+
+outer()
+
+# nonlocal keyword
+print("\n=== Nonlocal Keyword ===")
+def outer_function():
+    count = 0
+    
+    def inner_function():
+        nonlocal count  # Access outer function's variable
+        count += 1
+        print(f"Count: {count}")
+    
+    inner_function()
+    inner_function()
+    inner_function()
+    print(f"Final count: {count}")
+
+outer_function()
+
+# Constants (convention: UPPERCASE)
+print("\n=== Constants ===")
+PI = 3.14159
+MAX_SIZE = 100
+APP_NAME = "MyApp"
+
+def calculate_circle_area(radius):
+    """Uses global constant PI"""
+    return PI * radius ** 2
+
+print(f"Circle area (r=5): {calculate_circle_area(5):.2f}")
+print(f"Max size: {MAX_SIZE}")
+
+# Scope resolution order
+print("\n=== Scope Resolution (LEGB Rule) ===")
+# LEGB: Local -> Enclosing -> Global -> Built-in
+
+x = "global"
+
+def outer():
+    x = "enclosing"
+    
+    def inner():
+        x = "local"
+        print(f"Inner x: {x}")  # Local
+    
+    inner()
+    print(f"Outer x: {x}")  # Enclosing
+
+print(f"Global x: {x}")  # Global
+outer()
+
+# Built-in scope example
+print("\n=== Built-in Scope ===")
+# 'len' is a built-in function
+my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+print(f"Length: {len(my_list)}")
+
+# Don't shadow built-ins!
+def bad_example():
+    len = 10  # Bad: shadows built-in function
+    print(f"Local len: {len}")
+    # print(len([1, 2, 3]))  # Error: len is now an integer
+
+bad_example()
+print(f"Global len still works: {len([1, 2, 3])}")
+
+# Practical: Counter with closure
+print("\n=== Practical: Counter ===")
+def create_counter():
+    """Creates a counter function using closure"""
+    count = 0
+    
+    def increment():
+        nonlocal count
+        count += 1
+        return count
+    
+    return increment
+
+counter1 = create_counter()
+counter2 = create_counter()
+
+print(f"Counter 1: {counter1()}")  # 1
+print(f"Counter 1: {counter1()}")  # 2
+print(f"Counter 2: {counter2()}")  # 1 (separate counter)
+print(f"Counter 1: {counter1()}")  # 3
+
+# Practical: Configuration
+print("\n=== Configuration Variables ===")
+# Global configuration
+DEBUG = True
+MAX_RETRIES = 3
+
+def process_data(data):
+    """Uses global configuration"""
+    if DEBUG:
+        print(f"[DEBUG] Processing: {data}")
+    
+    retries = 0
+    while retries < MAX_RETRIES:
+        # Simulated processing
+        if data:  # Success condition
+            return f"Processed: {data}"
+        retries += 1
+    
+    return "Failed after retries"
+
+result = process_data("sample data")
+print(result)
+
+# Variable lifetime
+print("\n=== Variable Lifetime ===")
+def demonstrate_lifetime():
+    """Local variables exist only during function execution"""
+    temp = "I exist only during function call"
+    print(temp)
+    # 'temp' is destroyed when function ends
+
+demonstrate_lifetime()
+demonstrate_lifetime()  # New 'temp' created each time
+
+# Global mutable objects
+print("\n=== Global Mutable Objects ===")
+scores = [85, 90, 78]
+
+def add_score(score):
+    """Can modify mutable global objects without 'global' keyword"""
+    scores.append(score)  # Modifying list contents
+    print(f"Scores: {scores}")
+
+print(f"Initial: {scores}")
+add_score(92)
+add_score(88)
+print(f"Final: {scores}")
+
+# Best practices
+print("\n=== Best Practices ===")
+# Good: Pass values as parameters, return results
+def calculate_total(items):
+    """Pure function - doesn't depend on global state"""
+    return sum(items)
+
+# Good: Return value instead of modifying global
+def add_item_good(items, new_item):
+    """Returns new list instead of modifying global"""
+    return items + [new_item]
+
+numbers = [1, 2, 3]
+total = calculate_total(numbers)
+new_numbers = add_item_good(numbers, 4)
+
+print(f"Total: {total}")
+print(f"Original: {numbers}")
+print(f"New list: {new_numbers}")
diff --git a/05_Functions/05_practical_examples.py b/05_Functions/05_practical_examples.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2457b37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/05_Functions/05_practical_examples.py
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+"""
+Practical Function Examples
+============================
+This program contains real-world applications of functions.
+"""
+
+# Example 1: Temperature Converter
+print("=== TEMPERATURE CONVERTER ===")
+def celsius_to_fahrenheit(celsius):
+    """Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit"""
+    return (celsius * 9/5) + 32
+
+def fahrenheit_to_celsius(fahrenheit):
+    """Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius"""
+    return (fahrenheit - 32) * 5/9
+
+def celsius_to_kelvin(celsius):
+    """Convert Celsius to Kelvin"""
+    return celsius + 273.15
+
+temp_c = 25
+print(f"{temp_c}°C = {celsius_to_fahrenheit(temp_c):.1f}°F")
+print(f"{temp_c}°C = {celsius_to_kelvin(temp_c):.2f}K")
+
+# Example 2: Password Validator
+print("\n=== PASSWORD VALIDATOR ===")
+def validate_password(password):
+    """Validate password strength"""
+    if len(password) < 8:
+        return False, "Password must be at least 8 characters"
+    if not any(c.isupper() for c in password):
+        return False, "Password must contain uppercase letter"
+    if not any(c.islower() for c in password):
+        return False, "Password must contain lowercase letter"
+    if not any(c.isdigit() for c in password):
+        return False, "Password must contain a number"
+    return True, "Password is strong"
+
+test_passwords = ["weak", "NoNumbers", "nonumbers1", "GoodPass123"]
+for pwd in test_passwords:
+    valid, message = validate_password(pwd)
+    status = "✓" if valid else "✗"
+    print(f"{status} '{pwd}': {message}")
+
+# Example 3: Grade Calculator
+print("\n=== GRADE CALCULATOR ===")
+def calculate_grade(scores):
+    """Calculate average and letter grade"""
+    if not scores:
+        return None, "N/A"
+    
+    average = sum(scores) / len(scores)
+    
+    if average >= 90:
+        letter = "A"
+    elif average >= 80:
+        letter = "B"
+    elif average >= 70:
+        letter = "C"
+    elif average >= 60:
+        letter = "D"
+    else:
+        letter = "F"
+    
+    return average, letter
+
+students = [
+    ("Alice", [85, 90, 88, 92]),
+    ("Bob", [78, 82, 75, 80]),
+    ("Charlie", [92, 95, 98, 94])
+]
+
+print(f"{'Name':<10} {'Average':<10} {'Grade'}")
+print("-" * 30)
+for name, scores in students:
+    avg, grade = calculate_grade(scores)
+    print(f"{name:<10} {avg:<10.2f} {grade}")
+
+# Example 4: Factorial Calculator
+print("\n=== FACTORIAL CALCULATOR ===")
+def factorial(n):
+    """Calculate factorial of n"""
+    if n < 0:
+        return None
+    if n == 0 or n == 1:
+        return 1
+    
+    result = 1
+    for i in range(2, n + 1):
+        result *= i
+    return result
+
+for num in [0, 1, 5, 10]:
+    print(f"{num}! = {factorial(num)}")
+
+# Example 5: Palindrome Checker
+print("\n=== PALINDROME CHECKER ===")
+def is_palindrome(text):
+    """Check if text is a palindrome"""
+    # Remove spaces and convert to lowercase
+    cleaned = text.replace(" ", "").lower()
+    return cleaned == cleaned[::-1]
+
+words = ["racecar", "hello", "level", "python", "A man a plan a canal Panama"]
+for word in words:
+    result = "is" if is_palindrome(word) else "is not"
+    print(f"'{word}' {result} a palindrome")
+
+# Example 6: Prime Number Checker
+print("\n=== PRIME NUMBER CHECKER ===")
+def is_prime(n):
+    """Check if number is prime"""
+    if n < 2:
+        return False
+    for i in range(2, int(n ** 0.5) + 1):
+        if n % i == 0:
+            return False
+    return True
+
+def get_primes(start, end):
+    """Get all prime numbers in range"""
+    primes = []
+    for num in range(start, end + 1):
+        if is_prime(num):
+            primes.append(num)
+    return primes
+
+primes = get_primes(1, 30)
+print(f"Prime numbers (1-30): {primes}")
+
+# Example 7: Shopping Cart
+print("\n=== SHOPPING CART ===")
+def calculate_total(items, tax_rate=0.08):
+    """Calculate total with tax"""
+    subtotal = sum(item['price'] * item['quantity'] for item in items)
+    tax = subtotal * tax_rate
+    total = subtotal + tax
+    return subtotal, tax, total
+
+cart = [
+    {"name": "Book", "price": 15.99, "quantity": 2},
+    {"name": "Pen", "price": 2.50, "quantity": 5},
+    {"name": "Notebook", "price": 5.99, "quantity": 3}
+]
+
+subtotal, tax, total = calculate_total(cart)
+print(f"Subtotal: ${subtotal:.2f}")
+print(f"Tax (8%): ${tax:.2f}")
+print(f"Total: ${total:.2f}")
+
+# Example 8: List Statistics
+print("\n=== LIST STATISTICS ===")
+def get_statistics(numbers):
+    """Calculate various statistics"""
+    if not numbers:
+        return None
+    
+    return {
+        "count": len(numbers),
+        "sum": sum(numbers),
+        "average": sum(numbers) / len(numbers),
+        "min": min(numbers),
+        "max": max(numbers),
+        "range": max(numbers) - min(numbers)
+    }
+
+data = [45, 67, 23, 89, 12, 56, 78]
+stats = get_statistics(data)
+print(f"Data: {data}")
+for key, value in stats.items():
+    if isinstance(value, float):
+        print(f"{key.capitalize()}: {value:.2f}")
+    else:
+        print(f"{key.capitalize()}: {value}")
+
+# Example 9: String Formatter
+print("\n=== STRING FORMATTER ===")
+def format_name(first, last, middle=None, title=None):
+    """Format a person's name"""
+    parts = []
+    if title:
+        parts.append(title)
+    parts.append(first)
+    if middle:
+        parts.append(middle)
+    parts.append(last)
+    return " ".join(parts)
+
+print(format_name("John", "Doe"))
+print(format_name("John", "Doe", middle="Paul"))
+print(format_name("John", "Doe", title="Dr."))
+print(format_name("John", "Doe", middle="Paul", title="Prof."))
+
+# Example 10: Fibonacci Generator
+print("\n=== FIBONACCI SEQUENCE ===")
+def generate_fibonacci(n):
+    """Generate first n Fibonacci numbers"""
+    if n <= 0:
+        return []
+    elif n == 1:
+        return [0]
+    
+    fib = [0, 1]
+    for i in range(2, n):
+        fib.append(fib[i-1] + fib[i-2])
+    return fib
+
+fib_sequence = generate_fibonacci(10)
+print(f"First 10 Fibonacci numbers: {fib_sequence}")
+
+# Example 11: Email Validator
+print("\n=== EMAIL VALIDATOR ===")
+def is_valid_email(email):
+    """Basic email validation"""
+    if "@" not in email:
+        return False, "Missing @ symbol"
+    
+    parts = email.split("@")
+    if len(parts) != 2:
+        return False, "Invalid format"
+    
+    username, domain = parts
+    if not username or not domain:
+        return False, "Empty username or domain"
+    
+    if "." not in domain:
+        return False, "Domain needs a period"
+    
+    return True, "Valid email"
+
+emails = [
+    "user@example.com",
+    "invalid.email",
+    "test@domain.co",
+    "@nodomain.com",
+    "noatsign.com"
+]
+
+for email in emails:
+    valid, message = is_valid_email(email)
+    status = "✓" if valid else "✗"
+    print(f"{status} {email}: {message}")
+
+# Example 12: Word Counter
+print("\n=== WORD COUNTER ===")
+def count_words(text):
+    """Count word frequency"""
+    words = text.lower().split()
+    word_count = {}
+    
+    for word in words:
+        # Remove punctuation
+        word = word.strip(".,!?;:")
+        if word:
+            word_count[word] = word_count.get(word, 0) + 1
+    
+    return word_count
+
+text = "Python is great. Python is powerful. I love Python!"
+word_freq = count_words(text)
+print(f"Text: '{text}'")
+print("Word frequencies:")
+for word, count in sorted(word_freq.items()):
+    print(f"  {word}: {count}")
+
+# Example 13: Distance Calculator
+print("\n=== DISTANCE CALCULATOR ===")
+def calculate_distance(x1, y1, x2, y2):
+    """Calculate Euclidean distance between two points"""
+    return ((x2 - x1) ** 2 + (y2 - y1) ** 2) ** 0.5
+
+point1 = (0, 0)
+point2 = (3, 4)
+distance = calculate_distance(*point1, *point2)
+print(f"Distance between {point1} and {point2}: {distance:.2f}")
diff --git a/05_Functions/README.md b/05_Functions/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bfd5a63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/05_Functions/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+# Functions in Python 🔧
+
+## What are Functions?
+
+Functions are reusable blocks of code that perform a specific task. They help organize code, avoid repetition, and make programs easier to understand and maintain.
+
+## Why Use Functions?
+
+1. **Code Reusability** - Write once, use many times
+2. **Organization** - Break complex problems into smaller parts
+3. **Readability** - Make code easier to understand
+4. **Maintainability** - Update code in one place
+
+## Function Basics
+
+### Defining a Function
+```python
+def function_name():
+    # code to execute
+    print("Hello!")
+```
+
+### Calling a Function
+```python
+function_name()  # Call the function
+```
+
+### Parameters and Arguments
+```python
+def greet(name):        # 'name' is a parameter
+    print(f"Hello, {name}!")
+
+greet("Alice")          # "Alice" is an argument
+```
+
+### Return Values
+```python
+def add(a, b):
+    return a + b
+
+result = add(5, 3)      # result = 8
+```
+
+## Types of Arguments
+
+1. **Positional Arguments** - Order matters
+2. **Keyword Arguments** - Named arguments
+3. **Default Arguments** - Pre-set values
+4. **Variable-length Arguments** - `*args` and `**kwargs`
+
+## Scope
+
+- **Local Variables** - Defined inside function
+- **Global Variables** - Defined outside function
+
+## Examples in This Folder
+
+1. **01_basic_functions.py** - Creating and calling functions
+2. **02_parameters_arguments.py** - Working with function parameters
+3. **03_return_values.py** - Returning values from functions
+4. **04_scope.py** - Understanding variable scope
+5. **05_practical_examples.py** - Real-world function applications
+
+## Tips for Beginners
+
+- Use descriptive function names (e.g., `calculate_area` not `func1`)
+- Functions should do one thing well
+- Use docstrings to document your functions
+- Return values instead of printing when possible
+- Test your functions with different inputs
+
+## Practice
+
+Try creating your own functions and combining them to solve problems!
diff --git a/06_Practice_Problems/01_number_problems.py b/06_Practice_Problems/01_number_problems.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..407c7be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/06_Practice_Problems/01_number_problems.py
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+"""
+Number Problems - Practice Exercises
+=====================================
+Try to solve these problems yourself before looking at the solutions!
+"""
+
+print("=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 1: Even or Odd")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Write a program that checks if a number is even or odd")
+print()
+
+# Your code here
+# ...
+
+# Solution:
+def check_even_odd(number):
+    """Check if number is even or odd"""
+    if number % 2 == 0:
+        return "Even"
+    else:
+        return "Odd"
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+test_numbers = [5, 10, 13, 20, 7]
+for num in test_numbers:
+    print(f"{num} is {check_even_odd(num)}")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 2: Sum of First N Natural Numbers")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Calculate the sum of first n natural numbers (1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n)")
+print()
+
+# Your code here
+# ...
+
+# Solution:
+def sum_natural_numbers(n):
+    """Calculate sum of first n natural numbers"""
+    total = 0
+    for i in range(1, n + 1):
+        total += i
+    return total
+
+# Alternative solution using formula
+def sum_natural_formula(n):
+    """Using mathematical formula: n * (n + 1) / 2"""
+    return n * (n + 1) // 2
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+for n in [5, 10, 100]:
+    print(f"Sum of 1 to {n} = {sum_natural_numbers(n)}")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 3: Factorial")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Calculate factorial of a number (n! = n × (n-1) × ... × 2 × 1)")
+print()
+
+# Your code here
+# ...
+
+# Solution:
+def factorial(n):
+    """Calculate factorial of n"""
+    if n < 0:
+        return None
+    if n == 0 or n == 1:
+        return 1
+    
+    result = 1
+    for i in range(2, n + 1):
+        result *= i
+    return result
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+for num in [0, 1, 5, 10]:
+    print(f"{num}! = {factorial(num)}")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 4: Prime Number Checker")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Check if a given number is prime")
+print()
+
+# Your code here
+# ...
+
+# Solution:
+def is_prime(n):
+    """Check if number is prime"""
+    if n < 2:
+        return False
+    for i in range(2, int(n ** 0.5) + 1):
+        if n % i == 0:
+            return False
+    return True
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+test_numbers = [2, 4, 17, 20, 29, 30]
+for num in test_numbers:
+    result = "is" if is_prime(num) else "is not"
+    print(f"{num} {result} prime")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 5: Reverse a Number")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Reverse the digits of a number (e.g., 1234 → 4321)")
+print()
+
+# Your code here
+# ...
+
+# Solution:
+def reverse_number(num):
+    """Reverse digits of a number"""
+    reversed_num = 0
+    temp = abs(num)  # Handle negative numbers
+    
+    while temp > 0:
+        digit = temp % 10
+        reversed_num = reversed_num * 10 + digit
+        temp //= 10
+    
+    return reversed_num if num >= 0 else -reversed_num
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+test_numbers = [1234, 9876, 100, 505]
+for num in test_numbers:
+    print(f"Reverse of {num} is {reverse_number(num)}")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 6: Sum of Digits")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Find the sum of all digits in a number")
+print()
+
+# Your code here
+# ...
+
+# Solution:
+def sum_of_digits(num):
+    """Calculate sum of all digits"""
+    total = 0
+    temp = abs(num)
+    
+    while temp > 0:
+        digit = temp % 10
+        total += digit
+        temp //= 10
+    
+    return total
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+test_numbers = [123, 9876, 505, 1111]
+for num in test_numbers:
+    print(f"Sum of digits in {num} = {sum_of_digits(num)}")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 7: Armstrong Number")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Check if a number is an Armstrong number")
+print("(e.g., 153 = 1³ + 5³ + 3³ = 1 + 125 + 27 = 153)")
+print()
+
+# Your code here
+# ...
+
+# Solution:
+def is_armstrong(num):
+    """Check if number is Armstrong number"""
+    # Convert to string to count digits
+    digits = [int(d) for d in str(num)]
+    power = len(digits)
+    
+    total = sum(d ** power for d in digits)
+    return total == num
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+test_numbers = [153, 370, 371, 407, 123, 9474]
+for num in test_numbers:
+    result = "is" if is_armstrong(num) else "is not"
+    print(f"{num} {result} an Armstrong number")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 8: Fibonacci Sequence")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Generate first n Fibonacci numbers (0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, ...)")
+print()
+
+# Your code here
+# ...
+
+# Solution:
+def fibonacci(n):
+    """Generate first n Fibonacci numbers"""
+    if n <= 0:
+        return []
+    elif n == 1:
+        return [0]
+    
+    fib = [0, 1]
+    for i in range(2, n):
+        fib.append(fib[i-1] + fib[i-2])
+    return fib
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+for n in [5, 10]:
+    print(f"First {n} Fibonacci numbers: {fibonacci(n)}")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 9: GCD (Greatest Common Divisor)")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Find the GCD of two numbers")
+print()
+
+# Your code here
+# ...
+
+# Solution:
+def gcd(a, b):
+    """Calculate GCD using Euclidean algorithm"""
+    while b:
+        a, b = b, a % b
+    return a
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+pairs = [(48, 18), (100, 50), (17, 19)]
+for a, b in pairs:
+    print(f"GCD of {a} and {b} = {gcd(a, b)}")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 10: Leap Year")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Check if a year is a leap year")
+print("Rules: Divisible by 4, but not by 100 (unless also by 400)")
+print()
+
+# Your code here
+# ...
+
+# Solution:
+def is_leap_year(year):
+    """Check if year is a leap year"""
+    if (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0) or (year % 400 == 0):
+        return True
+    return False
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+test_years = [2000, 2004, 2100, 2024, 1900]
+for year in test_years:
+    result = "is" if is_leap_year(year) else "is not"
+    print(f"{year} {result} a leap year")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("BONUS: Perfect Number")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("A perfect number equals the sum of its divisors (excluding itself)")
+print("Example: 6 = 1 + 2 + 3")
+print()
+
+# Solution:
+def is_perfect(n):
+    """Check if number is perfect"""
+    if n < 2:
+        return False
+    
+    divisors_sum = 1  # 1 is always a divisor
+    for i in range(2, int(n ** 0.5) + 1):
+        if n % i == 0:
+            divisors_sum += i
+            if i != n // i:  # Add the other divisor
+                divisors_sum += n // i
+    
+    return divisors_sum == n
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+test_numbers = [6, 28, 12, 496]
+for num in test_numbers:
+    result = "is" if is_perfect(num) else "is not"
+    print(f"{num} {result} a perfect number")
diff --git a/06_Practice_Problems/02_string_problems.py b/06_Practice_Problems/02_string_problems.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca2d5d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/06_Practice_Problems/02_string_problems.py
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+"""
+String Problems - Practice Exercises
+=====================================
+Try to solve these problems yourself before looking at the solutions!
+"""
+
+print("=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 1: Reverse a String")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Reverse the characters in a string")
+print()
+
+# Your code here
+# ...
+
+# Solution:
+def reverse_string(text):
+    """Reverse a string"""
+    return text[::-1]
+
+# Alternative solution using loop
+def reverse_string_loop(text):
+    """Reverse using loop"""
+    reversed_text = ""
+    for char in text:
+        reversed_text = char + reversed_text
+    return reversed_text
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+test_strings = ["hello", "Python", "12345"]
+for s in test_strings:
+    print(f"'{s}' reversed is '{reverse_string(s)}'")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 2: Count Vowels")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Count the number of vowels in a string")
+print()
+
+# Your code here
+# ...
+
+# Solution:
+def count_vowels(text):
+    """Count vowels in text"""
+    vowels = "aeiouAEIOU"
+    count = 0
+    for char in text:
+        if char in vowels:
+            count += 1
+    return count
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+test_strings = ["hello", "Python Programming", "aeiou"]
+for s in test_strings:
+    print(f"'{s}' has {count_vowels(s)} vowels")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 3: Palindrome Checker")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Check if a string is a palindrome (reads same forwards and backwards)")
+print()
+
+# Your code here
+# ...
+
+# Solution:
+def is_palindrome(text):
+    """Check if string is palindrome"""
+    cleaned = text.replace(" ", "").lower()
+    return cleaned == cleaned[::-1]
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+test_strings = ["racecar", "hello", "level", "A man a plan a canal Panama"]
+for s in test_strings:
+    result = "is" if is_palindrome(s) else "is not"
+    print(f"'{s}' {result} a palindrome")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 4: Count Words")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Count the number of words in a sentence")
+print()
+
+# Your code here
+# ...
+
+# Solution:
+def count_words(text):
+    """Count words in text"""
+    words = text.split()
+    return len(words)
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+test_strings = [
+    "Hello World",
+    "Python is awesome",
+    "One two three four five"
+]
+for s in test_strings:
+    print(f"'{s}' has {count_words(s)} words")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 5: Remove Spaces")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Remove all spaces from a string")
+print()
+
+# Your code here
+# ...
+
+# Solution:
+def remove_spaces(text):
+    """Remove all spaces"""
+    return text.replace(" ", "")
+
+# Alternative solution
+def remove_spaces_loop(text):
+    """Remove spaces using loop"""
+    result = ""
+    for char in text:
+        if char != " ":
+            result += char
+    return result
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+test_strings = ["hello world", "Python Programming", "a b c d"]
+for s in test_strings:
+    print(f"'{s}' → '{remove_spaces(s)}'")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 6: Title Case")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Convert string to title case (capitalize first letter of each word)")
+print()
+
+# Your code here
+# ...
+
+# Solution:
+def to_title_case(text):
+    """Convert to title case"""
+    words = text.split()
+    title_words = [word.capitalize() for word in words]
+    return " ".join(title_words)
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+test_strings = ["hello world", "python programming", "the quick brown fox"]
+for s in test_strings:
+    print(f"'{s}' → '{to_title_case(s)}'")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 7: Count Character Frequency")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Count how many times each character appears in a string")
+print()
+
+# Your code here
+# ...
+
+# Solution:
+def count_characters(text):
+    """Count character frequency"""
+    freq = {}
+    for char in text:
+        if char != " ":  # Skip spaces
+            freq[char] = freq.get(char, 0) + 1
+    return freq
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+test_string = "hello"
+freq = count_characters(test_string)
+print(f"Character frequency in '{test_string}':")
+for char, count in sorted(freq.items()):
+    print(f"  '{char}': {count}")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 8: First Non-Repeating Character")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Find the first character that appears only once")
+print()
+
+# Your code here
+# ...
+
+# Solution:
+def first_non_repeating(text):
+    """Find first non-repeating character"""
+    freq = {}
+    for char in text:
+        freq[char] = freq.get(char, 0) + 1
+    
+    for char in text:
+        if freq[char] == 1:
+            return char
+    return None
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+test_strings = ["hello", "aabbcc", "python", "aabbc"]
+for s in test_strings:
+    result = first_non_repeating(s)
+    if result:
+        print(f"'{s}' → First non-repeating: '{result}'")
+    else:
+        print(f"'{s}' → No non-repeating character")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 9: Anagram Checker")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Check if two strings are anagrams")
+print("(contain same characters in different order)")
+print()
+
+# Your code here
+# ...
+
+# Solution:
+def are_anagrams(str1, str2):
+    """Check if two strings are anagrams"""
+    # Remove spaces and convert to lowercase
+    s1 = str1.replace(" ", "").lower()
+    s2 = str2.replace(" ", "").lower()
+    
+    # Sort characters and compare
+    return sorted(s1) == sorted(s2)
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+pairs = [
+    ("listen", "silent"),
+    ("hello", "world"),
+    ("The eyes", "They see"),
+    ("python", "java")
+]
+for str1, str2 in pairs:
+    result = "are" if are_anagrams(str1, str2) else "are not"
+    print(f"'{str1}' and '{str2}' {result} anagrams")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 10: Remove Duplicates")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Remove duplicate characters from string (keep first occurrence)")
+print()
+
+# Your code here
+# ...
+
+# Solution:
+def remove_duplicates(text):
+    """Remove duplicate characters"""
+    seen = set()
+    result = []
+    
+    for char in text:
+        if char not in seen:
+            seen.add(char)
+            result.append(char)
+    
+    return "".join(result)
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+test_strings = ["hello", "programming", "aabbcc"]
+for s in test_strings:
+    print(f"'{s}' → '{remove_duplicates(s)}'")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("BONUS: Longest Word")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Find the longest word in a sentence")
+print()
+
+# Solution:
+def find_longest_word(text):
+    """Find longest word"""
+    words = text.split()
+    if not words:
+        return None
+    
+    longest = words[0]
+    for word in words:
+        if len(word) > len(longest):
+            longest = word
+    return longest
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+test_strings = [
+    "Python is an awesome programming language",
+    "Hello world",
+    "The quick brown fox jumps"
+]
+for s in test_strings:
+    longest = find_longest_word(s)
+    print(f"Longest word in '{s}':")
+    print(f"  → '{longest}' ({len(longest)} characters)")
diff --git a/06_Practice_Problems/03_list_problems.py b/06_Practice_Problems/03_list_problems.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7cf8d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/06_Practice_Problems/03_list_problems.py
@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+"""
+List Problems - Practice Exercises
+===================================
+Try to solve these problems yourself before looking at the solutions!
+"""
+
+print("=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 1: Find Maximum and Minimum")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Find the maximum and minimum elements in a list")
+print()
+
+# Your code here
+# ...
+
+# Solution:
+def find_max_min(numbers):
+    """Find max and min in list"""
+    if not numbers:
+        return None, None
+    
+    maximum = numbers[0]
+    minimum = numbers[0]
+    
+    for num in numbers:
+        if num > maximum:
+            maximum = num
+        if num < minimum:
+            minimum = num
+    
+    return maximum, minimum
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+test_list = [45, 23, 67, 12, 89, 34]
+max_val, min_val = find_max_min(test_list)
+print(f"List: {test_list}")
+print(f"Maximum: {max_val}, Minimum: {min_val}")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 2: Sum and Average")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Calculate sum and average of numbers in a list")
+print()
+
+# Your code here
+# ...
+
+# Solution:
+def calculate_sum_average(numbers):
+    """Calculate sum and average"""
+    if not numbers:
+        return 0, 0
+    
+    total = sum(numbers)
+    average = total / len(numbers)
+    return total, average
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+test_list = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
+total, avg = calculate_sum_average(test_list)
+print(f"List: {test_list}")
+print(f"Sum: {total}, Average: {avg}")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 3: Remove Duplicates")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Remove duplicate elements from a list")
+print()
+
+# Your code here
+# ...
+
+# Solution:
+def remove_duplicates(lst):
+    """Remove duplicates preserving order"""
+    unique = []
+    seen = set()
+    
+    for item in lst:
+        if item not in seen:
+            unique.append(item)
+            seen.add(item)
+    
+    return unique
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+test_list = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 1]
+print(f"Original: {test_list}")
+print(f"Without duplicates: {remove_duplicates(test_list)}")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 4: Find Second Largest")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Find the second largest element in a list")
+print()
+
+# Your code here
+# ...
+
+# Solution:
+def find_second_largest(numbers):
+    """Find second largest element"""
+    if len(numbers) < 2:
+        return None
+    
+    # Remove duplicates and sort
+    unique_numbers = list(set(numbers))
+    unique_numbers.sort(reverse=True)
+    
+    if len(unique_numbers) < 2:
+        return None
+    
+    return unique_numbers[1]
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+test_list = [45, 23, 67, 89, 34, 67]
+print(f"List: {test_list}")
+print(f"Second largest: {find_second_largest(test_list)}")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 5: Count Occurrences")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Count how many times each element appears in a list")
+print()
+
+# Your code here
+# ...
+
+# Solution:
+def count_occurrences(lst):
+    """Count occurrences of each element"""
+    freq = {}
+    for item in lst:
+        freq[item] = freq.get(item, 0) + 1
+    return freq
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+test_list = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4]
+freq = count_occurrences(test_list)
+print(f"List: {test_list}")
+print("Frequency:")
+for item, count in sorted(freq.items()):
+    print(f"  {item}: {count} times")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 6: Merge Two Sorted Lists")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Merge two sorted lists into one sorted list")
+print()
+
+# Your code here
+# ...
+
+# Solution:
+def merge_sorted_lists(list1, list2):
+    """Merge two sorted lists"""
+    merged = []
+    i, j = 0, 0
+    
+    while i < len(list1) and j < len(list2):
+        if list1[i] < list2[j]:
+            merged.append(list1[i])
+            i += 1
+        else:
+            merged.append(list2[j])
+            j += 1
+    
+    # Add remaining elements
+    merged.extend(list1[i:])
+    merged.extend(list2[j:])
+    
+    return merged
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+list1 = [1, 3, 5, 7]
+list2 = [2, 4, 6, 8]
+print(f"List 1: {list1}")
+print(f"List 2: {list2}")
+print(f"Merged: {merge_sorted_lists(list1, list2)}")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 7: Rotate List")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Rotate list to the right by k positions")
+print()
+
+# Your code here
+# ...
+
+# Solution:
+def rotate_list(lst, k):
+    """Rotate list by k positions"""
+    if not lst:
+        return lst
+    
+    k = k % len(lst)  # Handle k larger than list length
+    return lst[-k:] + lst[:-k]
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+test_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+for k in [1, 2, 3]:
+    rotated = rotate_list(test_list, k)
+    print(f"Rotate {test_list} by {k}: {rotated}")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 8: Find Common Elements")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Find elements that appear in both lists")
+print()
+
+# Your code here
+# ...
+
+# Solution:
+def find_common(list1, list2):
+    """Find common elements"""
+    return list(set(list1) & set(list2))
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+list2 = [4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
+print(f"List 1: {list1}")
+print(f"List 2: {list2}")
+print(f"Common elements: {find_common(list1, list2)}")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 9: Partition Even and Odd")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Separate even and odd numbers into two lists")
+print()
+
+# Your code here
+# ...
+
+# Solution:
+def partition_even_odd(numbers):
+    """Partition into even and odd lists"""
+    even = []
+    odd = []
+    
+    for num in numbers:
+        if num % 2 == 0:
+            even.append(num)
+        else:
+            odd.append(num)
+    
+    return even, odd
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+test_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
+even, odd = partition_even_odd(test_list)
+print(f"Original: {test_list}")
+print(f"Even numbers: {even}")
+print(f"Odd numbers: {odd}")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 10: Flatten Nested List")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Convert a nested list into a flat list")
+print()
+
+# Your code here
+# ...
+
+# Solution:
+def flatten_list(nested):
+    """Flatten nested list"""
+    flat = []
+    for item in nested:
+        if isinstance(item, list):
+            flat.extend(flatten_list(item))  # Recursive call
+        else:
+            flat.append(item)
+    return flat
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+nested_list = [1, [2, 3], [4, [5, 6]], 7]
+print(f"Nested: {nested_list}")
+print(f"Flattened: {flatten_list(nested_list)}")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("BONUS: List Comprehension Examples")
+print("=" * 60)
+
+# Squares of numbers
+numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+squares = [x**2 for x in numbers]
+print(f"Numbers: {numbers}")
+print(f"Squares: {squares}")
+
+# Filter even numbers
+even_numbers = [x for x in numbers if x % 2 == 0]
+print(f"Even numbers: {even_numbers}")
+
+# Create pairs
+pairs = [(x, y) for x in [1, 2] for y in [3, 4]]
+print(f"Pairs: {pairs}")
+
+# Convert to uppercase
+words = ["hello", "world", "python"]
+uppercase = [word.upper() for word in words]
+print(f"Original: {words}")
+print(f"Uppercase: {uppercase}")
diff --git a/06_Practice_Problems/04_mixed_problems.py b/06_Practice_Problems/04_mixed_problems.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b73439a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/06_Practice_Problems/04_mixed_problems.py
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+"""
+Mixed Problems - Combining Multiple Concepts
+=============================================
+These problems combine concepts from variables, conditions, loops, and functions.
+"""
+
+print("=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 1: Temperature Statistics")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Given a list of temperatures, find:")
+print("- Average temperature")
+print("- Number of days above average")
+print("- Hottest and coldest days")
+print()
+
+# Solution:
+def analyze_temperatures(temps):
+    """Analyze temperature data"""
+    if not temps:
+        return None
+    
+    avg_temp = sum(temps) / len(temps)
+    above_avg = sum(1 for temp in temps if temp > avg_temp)
+    hottest = max(temps)
+    coldest = min(temps)
+    
+    return {
+        "average": avg_temp,
+        "above_average_count": above_avg,
+        "hottest": hottest,
+        "coldest": coldest
+    }
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+temperatures = [72, 68, 75, 70, 78, 65, 73]
+results = analyze_temperatures(temperatures)
+print(f"Temperatures: {temperatures}")
+print(f"Average: {results['average']:.1f}°F")
+print(f"Days above average: {results['above_average_count']}")
+print(f"Hottest: {results['hottest']}°F")
+print(f"Coldest: {results['coldest']}°F")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 2: Student Grade System")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Calculate grades for multiple students and class statistics")
+print()
+
+# Solution:
+def process_student_grades(students):
+    """Process student grades"""
+    results = []
+    
+    for name, scores in students:
+        avg = sum(scores) / len(scores)
+        
+        if avg >= 90:
+            grade = "A"
+        elif avg >= 80:
+            grade = "B"
+        elif avg >= 70:
+            grade = "C"
+        elif avg >= 60:
+            grade = "D"
+        else:
+            grade = "F"
+        
+        results.append({
+            "name": name,
+            "average": avg,
+            "grade": grade,
+            "status": "Pass" if avg >= 60 else "Fail"
+        })
+    
+    return results
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+students = [
+    ("Alice", [85, 90, 88]),
+    ("Bob", [78, 82, 75]),
+    ("Charlie", [92, 95, 98]),
+    ("Diana", [55, 60, 58])
+]
+
+results = process_student_grades(students)
+print(f"{'Name':<10} {'Average':<10} {'Grade':<8} {'Status'}")
+print("-" * 40)
+for student in results:
+    print(f"{student['name']:<10} {student['average']:<10.2f} {student['grade']:<8} {student['status']}")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 3: Shopping Cart Calculator")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Calculate total cost with discounts and tax")
+print()
+
+# Solution:
+def calculate_shopping_cart(items, tax_rate=0.08, discount_threshold=100):
+    """Calculate shopping cart total"""
+    subtotal = sum(item["price"] * item["quantity"] for item in items)
+    
+    # Apply discount if subtotal exceeds threshold
+    if subtotal >= discount_threshold:
+        discount = subtotal * 0.1  # 10% discount
+    else:
+        discount = 0
+    
+    after_discount = subtotal - discount
+    tax = after_discount * tax_rate
+    total = after_discount + tax
+    
+    return {
+        "subtotal": subtotal,
+        "discount": discount,
+        "after_discount": after_discount,
+        "tax": tax,
+        "total": total
+    }
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+cart = [
+    {"name": "Book", "price": 15.99, "quantity": 2},
+    {"name": "Pen", "price": 2.50, "quantity": 5},
+    {"name": "Notebook", "price": 8.99, "quantity": 3}
+]
+
+result = calculate_shopping_cart(cart)
+print(f"Subtotal: ${result['subtotal']:.2f}")
+print(f"Discount: -${result['discount']:.2f}")
+print(f"After discount: ${result['after_discount']:.2f}")
+print(f"Tax (8%): ${result['tax']:.2f}")
+print(f"Total: ${result['total']:.2f}")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 4: Password Generator")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Generate a random password with specific requirements")
+print()
+
+# Solution:
+import random
+random.seed(42)  # For consistent results
+
+def generate_password(length=12, include_special=True):
+    """Generate a random password"""
+    lowercase = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+    uppercase = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+    digits = "0123456789"
+    special = "!@#$%^&*"
+    
+    # Ensure at least one of each type
+    password = [
+        random.choice(lowercase),
+        random.choice(uppercase),
+        random.choice(digits)
+    ]
+    
+    if include_special:
+        password.append(random.choice(special))
+    
+    # Fill remaining length
+    all_chars = lowercase + uppercase + digits
+    if include_special:
+        all_chars += special
+    
+    while len(password) < length:
+        password.append(random.choice(all_chars))
+    
+    # Shuffle the password
+    random.shuffle(password)
+    return "".join(password)
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+for i in range(3):
+    pwd = generate_password(12)
+    print(f"Password {i+1}: {pwd}")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 5: Word Frequency Analyzer")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Analyze word frequency in a text")
+print()
+
+# Solution:
+def analyze_word_frequency(text):
+    """Analyze word frequency"""
+    # Clean and split text
+    words = text.lower().split()
+    words = [word.strip(".,!?;:") for word in words]
+    
+    # Count frequencies
+    freq = {}
+    for word in words:
+        if word:
+            freq[word] = freq.get(word, 0) + 1
+    
+    # Find most common
+    most_common = max(freq.items(), key=lambda x: x[1]) if freq else (None, 0)
+    
+    return {
+        "total_words": len(words),
+        "unique_words": len(freq),
+        "frequency": freq,
+        "most_common": most_common
+    }
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+text = "Python is great. Python is powerful. I love Python programming!"
+results = analyze_word_frequency(text)
+print(f"Text: '{text}'")
+print(f"Total words: {results['total_words']}")
+print(f"Unique words: {results['unique_words']}")
+print(f"Most common: '{results['most_common'][0]}' ({results['most_common'][1]} times)")
+print("\nTop 5 words:")
+sorted_freq = sorted(results['frequency'].items(), key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)
+for word, count in sorted_freq[:5]:
+    print(f"  '{word}': {count}")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 6: Number Pattern Generator")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Generate various number patterns")
+print()
+
+# Solution:
+def generate_pyramid(n):
+    """Generate number pyramid"""
+    print(f"Number Pyramid (n={n}):")
+    for i in range(1, n + 1):
+        # Print spaces
+        print(" " * (n - i), end="")
+        # Print numbers ascending
+        for j in range(1, i + 1):
+            print(j, end="")
+        # Print numbers descending
+        for j in range(i - 1, 0, -1):
+            print(j, end="")
+        print()
+
+def generate_floyd_triangle(n):
+    """Generate Floyd's triangle"""
+    print(f"\nFloyd's Triangle (n={n}):")
+    num = 1
+    for i in range(1, n + 1):
+        for j in range(i):
+            print(num, end=" ")
+            num += 1
+        print()
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+generate_pyramid(5)
+generate_floyd_triangle(5)
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 7: Bank Account Simulator")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Simulate basic banking operations")
+print()
+
+# Solution:
+class BankAccount:
+    """Simple bank account simulator"""
+    def __init__(self, name, initial_balance=0):
+        self.name = name
+        self.balance = initial_balance
+        self.transactions = []
+    
+    def deposit(self, amount):
+        """Deposit money"""
+        if amount > 0:
+            self.balance += amount
+            self.transactions.append(f"Deposit: +${amount:.2f}")
+            return True
+        return False
+    
+    def withdraw(self, amount):
+        """Withdraw money"""
+        if 0 < amount <= self.balance:
+            self.balance -= amount
+            self.transactions.append(f"Withdrawal: -${amount:.2f}")
+            return True
+        return False
+    
+    def get_balance(self):
+        """Get current balance"""
+        return self.balance
+    
+    def get_statement(self):
+        """Get account statement"""
+        return self.transactions
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+account = BankAccount("Alice", 1000)
+print(f"Initial balance: ${account.get_balance():.2f}")
+
+account.deposit(500)
+print(f"After deposit: ${account.get_balance():.2f}")
+
+account.withdraw(200)
+print(f"After withdrawal: ${account.get_balance():.2f}")
+
+print("\nTransaction History:")
+for transaction in account.get_statement():
+    print(f"  {transaction}")
+
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("PROBLEM 8: Calendar Helper")
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Determine day of the week for a given date")
+print()
+
+# Solution:
+def is_leap_year(year):
+    """Check if year is leap year"""
+    return (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0) or (year % 400 == 0)
+
+def days_in_month(month, year):
+    """Get number of days in month"""
+    days = [31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31]
+    if month == 2 and is_leap_year(year):
+        return 29
+    return days[month - 1]
+
+def calculate_age(birth_year, current_year):
+    """Calculate age"""
+    return current_year - birth_year
+
+# Test
+print("Solution:")
+print(f"2024 is leap year: {is_leap_year(2024)}")
+print(f"2023 is leap year: {is_leap_year(2023)}")
+print(f"Days in February 2024: {days_in_month(2, 2024)}")
+print(f"Days in February 2023: {days_in_month(2, 2023)}")
+print(f"Age if born in 2000 (current 2024): {calculate_age(2000, 2024)} years")
diff --git a/06_Practice_Problems/README.md b/06_Practice_Problems/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..295a4ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/06_Practice_Problems/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# Practice Problems 💪
+
+## About This Section
+
+This folder contains practice problems to help you apply what you've learned. Each problem has a solution file, but try solving them on your own first!
+
+## How to Use
+
+1. **Read the problem** in the problem file
+2. **Try to solve it yourself** - This is important!
+3. **Test your solution** with different inputs
+4. **Check the solution file** only after attempting
+5. **Compare approaches** - There might be multiple ways to solve!
+
+## Problem Categories
+
+### Basic Problems
+- Simple calculations
+- String manipulations
+- List operations
+
+### Intermediate Problems
+- Using loops and conditions together
+- Working with functions
+- Processing multiple inputs
+
+### Challenge Problems
+- Combining multiple concepts
+- Algorithm implementation
+- Real-world scenarios
+
+## Problems List
+
+1. **01_number_problems.py** - Number manipulation and calculations
+2. **02_string_problems.py** - String operations and formatting
+3. **03_list_problems.py** - List operations and algorithms
+4. **04_function_problems.py** - Creating and using functions
+5. **05_mixed_problems.py** - Problems combining multiple concepts
+
+## Tips for Problem Solving
+
+1. **Understand the problem** - Read carefully
+2. **Plan your approach** - Think before coding
+3. **Start simple** - Get basic solution working first
+4. **Test with examples** - Try different inputs
+5. **Optimize later** - Make it work, then make it better
+
+## Solutions
+
+Solutions are provided in the same files after the problem statement. Try to solve problems before looking at solutions!
+
+## Keep Practicing!
+
+- Try modifying the problems
+- Create your own variations
+- Challenge yourself with edge cases
+- Time yourself and try to improve
+
+Remember: **Practice makes perfect!** 🚀
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 7677c98..deb0285 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,2 +1,86 @@
-# Python
-This repository is created for learning Python programming, covering basics, practice problems, and simple examples.
+# Python Learning Repository 🐍
+
+Welcome to the **Python Learning Repository**! This is a beginner-friendly collection of Python programs designed for students and anyone starting their journey in programming.
+
+## 📖 Purpose
+
+This repository is created to help beginners learn Python programming through:
+- **Clear Examples**: Easy-to-understand code with detailed comments
+- **Structured Learning**: Organized folders covering fundamental concepts
+- **Hands-on Practice**: Practice problems to reinforce learning
+- **Step-by-Step Approach**: Progress from basics to more complex topics
+
+## 🎯 Who is this for?
+
+- College students learning Python
+- Complete beginners to programming
+- Self-learners who want structured Python practice
+- Anyone looking to refresh Python basics
+
+## 📚 Repository Structure
+
+```
+Python/
+│
+├── 01_Variables_and_Data_Types/    # Learn about variables, strings, numbers, lists, etc.
+├── 02_Input_Output/                # Taking input and displaying output
+├── 03_Conditional_Statements/      # if, elif, else conditions
+├── 04_Loops/                       # for loops and while loops
+├── 05_Functions/                   # Creating and using functions
+└── 06_Practice_Problems/           # Practice problems with solutions
+```
+
+## 🚀 Getting Started
+
+1. **Clone the repository**:
+   ```bash
+   git clone https://github.com/karan7307/Python.git
+   cd Python
+   ```
+
+2. **Make sure Python 3 is installed**:
+   ```bash
+   python3 --version
+   ```
+
+3. **Navigate to any folder and run the examples**:
+   ```bash
+   cd 01_Variables_and_Data_Types
+   python3 example_file.py
+   ```
+
+## 💡 How to Use This Repository
+
+1. Start with **01_Variables_and_Data_Types** and progress sequentially
+2. Read the README.md in each folder for concept explanations
+3. Study the example programs and their comments
+4. Modify the code and experiment with different inputs
+5. Try the practice problems on your own before checking solutions
+
+## 📝 Topics Covered
+
+- **Variables and Data Types**: Integers, floats, strings, booleans, lists, tuples, dictionaries
+- **Input/Output**: Reading user input, printing output, formatting
+- **Conditional Statements**: if, elif, else, nested conditions
+- **Loops**: for loops, while loops, nested loops, loop control (break, continue)
+- **Functions**: Defining functions, parameters, return values, scope
+- **Practice Problems**: Real-world problems combining multiple concepts
+
+## 🤝 Contributing
+
+Feel free to contribute by:
+- Adding more examples
+- Improving documentation
+- Fixing bugs or typos
+- Suggesting new topics
+
+## 📄 License
+
+This repository is open for educational purposes. Feel free to use and share!
+
+## 🌟 Happy Learning!
+
+Remember: **Practice is the key to mastering programming!** Don't just read the code—type it out, run it, modify it, and experiment with it.
+
+---
+Made with ❤️ for Python learners