diff --git a/src/diffusers/schedulers/scheduling_ddim.py b/src/diffusers/schedulers/scheduling_ddim.py
index d29bb5b2593c..d2fbc4ee7322 100644
--- a/src/diffusers/schedulers/scheduling_ddim.py
+++ b/src/diffusers/schedulers/scheduling_ddim.py
@@ -345,6 +345,9 @@ def set_timesteps(self, num_inference_steps: int, device: str | torch.device = N
             ValueError: If `num_inference_steps` is larger than `self.config.num_train_timesteps`.
         """
 
+        if num_inference_steps <= 0:
+            raise ValueError("num_inference_steps must be > 0")
+
         if num_inference_steps > self.config.num_train_timesteps:
             raise ValueError(
                 f"`num_inference_steps`: {num_inference_steps} cannot be larger than `self.config.train_timesteps`:"
diff --git a/src/diffusers/schedulers/scheduling_ddpm.py b/src/diffusers/schedulers/scheduling_ddpm.py
index 972c46c6e930..4aa2a3b439b3 100644
--- a/src/diffusers/schedulers/scheduling_ddpm.py
+++ b/src/diffusers/schedulers/scheduling_ddpm.py
@@ -292,6 +292,8 @@ def set_timesteps(
                 `num_inference_steps` must be `None`.
 
         """
+        if num_inference_steps is not None and num_inference_steps <= 0:
+            raise ValueError("num_inference_steps must be > 0")
         if num_inference_steps is not None and timesteps is not None:
             raise ValueError("Can only pass one of `num_inference_steps` or `custom_timesteps`.")
 
diff --git a/tests/schedulers/test_scheduler_ddim.py b/tests/schedulers/test_scheduler_ddim.py
index 13b353a44b08..59b1e963c01c 100644
--- a/tests/schedulers/test_scheduler_ddim.py
+++ b/tests/schedulers/test_scheduler_ddim.py
@@ -174,3 +174,10 @@ def test_full_loop_with_noise(self):
 
         assert abs(result_sum.item() - 354.5418) < 1e-2, f" expected result sum 218.4379, but get {result_sum}"
         assert abs(result_mean.item() - 0.4616) < 1e-3, f" expected result mean 0.2844, but get {result_mean}"
+
+    def test_num_inference_steps_zero_raises(self):
+        scheduler_class = self.scheduler_classes[0]
+        scheduler = scheduler_class(**self.get_scheduler_config())
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            scheduler.set_timesteps(num_inference_steps=0)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/schedulers/test_scheduler_ddpm.py b/tests/schedulers/test_scheduler_ddpm.py
index 056b5d83350e..a7ba4c93a8a3 100644
--- a/tests/schedulers/test_scheduler_ddpm.py
+++ b/tests/schedulers/test_scheduler_ddpm.py
@@ -220,3 +220,10 @@ def test_full_loop_with_noise(self):
 
         assert abs(result_sum.item() - 387.9466) < 1e-2, f" expected result sum 387.9466, but get {result_sum}"
         assert abs(result_mean.item() - 0.5051) < 1e-3, f" expected result mean 0.5051, but get {result_mean}"
+
+    def test_num_inference_steps_zero_raises(self):
+        scheduler_class = self.scheduler_classes[0]
+        scheduler = scheduler_class(**self.get_scheduler_config())
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            scheduler.set_timesteps(num_inference_steps=0)
\ No newline at end of file